History Indian Democracy and British Raj

Indias struggle for independence by Bipan Citandra Indian National copulation Founded * Founded in December 1885 by 72 semi policy-making workers. * First organised expression of Indian nationalism on an all-India outdo A powerful and long lasting myth the natural rubber valve had arisen more or less this question. The myth is that The Indian National Congress * Started by A. O. Hume and other nether the official direction, guidance and advice of no less a person that manufacturer Dufferin, the vicereine * Was to provide a safe, mild, peaceful, and constitutional outlet or safety Valve * For the rising dissatisfaction among the peopleThat was leading towards a popular and violent resolution * mettle was that violent revolution was on the cards at the time Was nullifyed by the foundation of the Congress * Liberals accept it * Writers accept it * Radicals use it to prove that Congress has always been comprising imperialism. * Extreme right use it to cross-file that the Congre ss has been anti-national from the lineage All agree that the sort of its birth affected the basic region and future work of the Congress in a crucial manner Young India by Extremist leader Lala Lajpat Raj Used safety valve possibleness to attack the Moderates in the Congress * Suggested Congress was a product of noble Dufferins brain * Argued that the Congress was started more with the object of saving the British imperium from danger than with that of winning political liberty for India. The interests of the British Empire were primary and those of India only secondary. * Added no one can guess that the Congress has not been true to that ideal India Today by R. Palme Dutt * falsehood of the safety valve = an important element in the liberal and adical section of the political system * Wrote that Congress as bought into existence through direct political initiative and guidance and through a plan secretly pre-arranged with the Viceroy * Wrote that Congress was used by Gove rnment as an intended mechanism for safeguarding British rule against the rising forces of popular unrest and anti-impending revolution * tell it was an attempt to defeat, or rather forestall, an impending revolution * Said recounting had two strands 1. Strand of cooperation with imperialism against the menace of the pot movement 2.Strand of leadership of the pack in the national struggle Congress in time became a nationalist body and the vehicle of mass movements. It became the organiser of the anti-imperialist movement. It fought and collaborated with imperialism, and led to the mass movements and when the masses moved towards the revolutionary path, it betrayed the movement to imperialism. Became an organ of opposition to true(a) revolution, a violent revolution. We by M. S. Golwalkar(RSS Chief) Found safety valve theory clever in attaching the Congress for its secularism and anti-nationalism. Said that Hindu national consciousness had been destroyed by those claiming to be nationalists who had pushed the notions of democracy and the perverse notion that the Muslims had something in coarse with the Hindus * Suggested the fight in India was not just between Indians and British it was a triangular fight Hindus were at war with Muslims and on the other authorise with the British * Said what led Hindus to denationalisation was the aims and policy laid galvanic pile by Hume, Cotton and Wedderburn in 1885 The Rise and process of the Congress in India by liberal C.F. Andrews and Girija Mukerji * They fully accepted the safety valve theory * It had helped avoid useless bloodshed before as well as afterward 1947 Tens of scholars and hundreds of popular writers have repeated some version of these points of view. Rise and Growth Despite the fact that Hume was a lover of liberty and wanted political liberty for India under the aegis of the British Crown be was preceding(prenominal) all an English Patriot , once he saw British rule was threatened with an i mpending calamity he decided to draw a safety valve for the discontent.Hume wrote I was shown several large volumes containing a commodious number of entries all arranged according to district he mentions that he had volumes in his possession only for a week, all going to show that these poor men were pervaded with a sense of the hopelessness of the existing separate of affairs that they were convinced that they would starve and die, and that they wanted to do something, and stand by each other, and that something meant violence Very soon the seven volumes started undergoing a novelty * In 1933 (in Gurmukh Hihal Singhs hands) they became government reports * Andrews and Mukerji transformed them into several volumes of secret reports from the CID * Came into Humes possession in this official power Dutt wrote, Hume in his official capacity had received possession of the voluminous secret police reports