Ragamuffin War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ragamuffin War - Essay ExampleThese two army generals succeeded in making the war big because of the support they got from Giuseppe Garibaldi who was an Italian fighter. The war ended came to ending on meet 1, 1845 by and by there were negotiations that led to the signing of the Ponche Verde Treaty.The Ragamuffin War was a big war that took take aim in the Brazilian Empire. The cause of the war was that there had risen a difference between the place of the economy in Rio Grande do Sul as opposed to the other states within the Brazilian Empire. The main append with the economy was that there was an over focus on the internal market as opposed to the remote market this means that the income that came from the exports was relatively low. The internal market was going through hard times later the products that came from region faced much competition from commodities from outside the state, especially from Uruguay and Argentina, where dried and salted beef came from. The revenuees obligate to the gauchos (the residents of Rio Grande do Sul) were relatively higher than that which was imposed in other states. The goods from the two highly competitive countries were tax free, an aspect that forced the local goods to suffer a big blow.The outburst of the war came immediately by and by a presidential election. In the elections held the same year the war began, Antonio Rodrigues Braga was elected the president of the Rio Grande do Sul. As expected by many, the president would make changes that would imagine that the state benefit more from its production after the heightened competition from products outside the state. Despite being impressive in the first days of his appointment, he began having guard from the farming community. The perceived unfairness in trade caused general Bento Goncalves to initiate a revolution that would see the overturning of the government. This took place in September of 1935, where the General took captive of Porto Alegre and

Audience Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Audience - Assignment Examplemon point in all told these appeals is that they try to persuade the customer that his or her life will be better off and so much simpler, convenient and complete that he or she cannot afford to miss the opportunity of trying break through the production or service at least once to see for themselves. It then remains to be seen if the manufacturer or advertisers cl nominates atomic number 18 valid and this decision will be do by the user after he or she tries the product or service and records his or her feelings, measures of cheer and desire to purchase or not once again.This paper will comment on the advertisements in popular magazines like Time, Newsweek, Sports Illustrated, Cosmopolitan and the like and make comments on their specific appeals to audiences based on septette separate characteristics age, culture or ethnic background, social status and education, income and occupation, religion, political affiliation, and gender.It is natural and desirable for marketers and advertisers to aim their advertisement at specific groups of potential or actual customers called the Target Market, based on commons characteristics as defined by their particular demographics, psychographics, and lifestyle values. Trying to target everyone with one advertisement would professedly be difficult- people are different and have distinct needs, desires and aspirations that have to be catered to. One may be influenced by price, another by quality, and a third by size and convenience of the product or service being offered. We will now try to choose and understand the audience appeals of fivesome advertisements based on the various appeal characteristics as outlined above.Both verbal and visual appeals are generally used to attract and ensnare purchasers into trying out a product or service. man it was previously okay just to advertise the benefits of a product or service and nothing more, hoping that the buyer would buy and try the produc t or service out of sheer need or curiosity, at presents marketers try to

Academic Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

academician Response - Essay ExampleIn Rodriguezs case, when his sibling started communicating to him in English at home in order to help him gain public confidence by learning a bit of English, the whole family underwent changes as the parents and the relatives were no longer at ease with him as marked by the silence spell in the house especially at dinner time. English transforms the entire family whence limiting the intimacy they had with Spanish. This is a disadvantage to young children as supporters of bilingual education assert that children should root be taught in their first language.Rodriguez withal argues that the ability of a bilingual person to speak two languages especially a language spoken by most people in public makes him more than comfortable when speaking in public. The use of the first language only impedes social growth as one cannot communicate in English effectively thereby causing alienation from the public. When Rodriguez mastered English, he started v iewing himself and his family as part of the American society as he could now fit in the public. He learned that Spanish is something that was not socially acceptable and appropriate in public and he got the feeling that he has the obligation and the right to communicate in English. This made him feel like a complete fully-fledged and worthy member of the American society. He says, At lastI was an American citizen.Rodriguez also implies that speaking a language different than his private language in public makes the person relapse a part of his identity. This is because bilingual education requires that the largest part of the first language is neglected thereby increase the separation among cultures. Rodriguez asserts that there must be a sacrifice in order to gain the bankers acceptance and worthiness of being an American. His philosophy is that learning English requires that the native language is buried and forgotten in the mind of the students like the way he

Health Care Cost Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Health Care Cost - Essay ExampleEmployers can offer discount medicate programs, which trim down prescription costs. They can also offer education with reference to the emergency means so that workers can have the knowledge of the existence of urgent-care institutions within pharmacies and stores, along with physician hotlines available 24/7 that they can utilize resourcefully than visiting the ER each time their families or them bang minor symptoms (Wyman, 2012). Employers can have a proper incentive design that directs workers to choices that have the lowest-cost first to retort excellent purchasing conduct that is vital to price containment.Employers can shop for insurance because they get the rule to shift carriers one third of the moment in time. Employers can offer to pay for workers wellness much(prenominal) as online healthiness risk evaluations and blood reports since they save on some cash and teach them on their healthiness, make them conscious of apprehensions and in spire them to live better lives. Employers can utilize brokers who are experts in healthcare and has the aptitude to look for methods to support the company and workers while offering pioneering initiatives and applications for newfangled technology (Wyman,

The social issues of the roaring twenties ( Art and Ideas, Economy, Essay

The brotherly issues of the roaring twenties ( Art and Ideas, Economy, Technology, Science, and the Social Ferment) - Essay Example58).This discrimination was upheld by the US supreme Court in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896. This decision, which supported racial segregation, was reversed in 1954, and the government made racial segregation and discrimination in any form, illegal. However, discrimination persists and until 1920, women were not permitted to exercise their franchise, when Congress passed the Nineteenth Amendment to the US Constitution that provided women with the right to vote. Despite these measures, women in the US are s till subjected to discrimination (Pozzuto & Arnd-Caddigan, Mar2008, P. 58).From the early 1900s till the Second World War, the US witnessed modernism in art, design and architecture. The first skyscrapers were constructed in the 1870s. These structures generated considerable contention from architects. The first successful design was New Yorks Woolworth Building. The Architects Anderson Graham, Probst, and White designed and constructed the Wrigley Building in Chicago. Howells and touchwood designed the Chicago Tribune Tower. Chrysler and the Empire State Building displayed the Art Deco design. Architect Frank Lloyd Wright designed several(prenominal) houses in California and Japan. Art Deco lasted from 1925 to 1950. It was called as modern construction and emerged from the 1925 International Art Exposition in Paris (Whitley, 2008).Opposition to communism reached fanatical levels in the US during the 1920s. Communism was referred to as Red Scares, and communists were referred to as anarchists. In 1920, there were an estimated 150,000 communists in the nation, which was just 0.1 percent of the population. People subscribing to radical views were persecuted, as evident from the shield of Sacco and Vanzetti. Americans of that period adopted provincialism, as depicted by the reemergence of the Ku Klux Klan, restrictive immigration la ws and Prohibition (Roaring Twenties).The 1919, 18th amendment to the Constitution,

Household understanding of Firewood logs as a renewable energy. Based Literature review

Household understanding of Firewoodwind instrument logs as a renewable energy. Based on the UK with a focus on Scotland - Literature review ExampleProduction and use of wood arouse lead to the emission of carbon dioxide at different stages (Read et al 2009, pp 30-40). This is during harvesting, transportation and transportation of the wood fuel. The both be green house gases that have a green house effect to the earth. However, the same wood energy can be a source of renewable energy. Wood energy can be a source of renewable energy within the paradigm of specific conditions. The conditions include wood from the resources that are sufficiently sustainable, high calorific value and water matter, gasification that cuts down on the level of emissions, and fiber content that allows the users to re-use or recycle the wood (Wilson & White 1986, pp20-40).Wood fuel has several environmental advantages that make it a choice over other fossil fuels. It is renewable and offers dependable sup ply (FAO 2010, pp 162). The amount of carbon dioxide emitted during the impatient process is typically 90% less than when burning fossil fuels. Wood fuel contains minimal amounts of sculpture and heavy metals (McKay et al 2010, 1017-1027). The most notable part is the fact that is its particulate emissions, which are considerably controllable.Read, D.J, Freeer-Smith, P.H, Morison, J.I.L, Hanley, N., West,C.C. and Snowdon, P. 2009. Combating humour change- a role for UK forests. An assessment of the potential of the UKs trees and woodland to mitigate and adapt to climate

My ideal hero Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

My ideal ace - Essay ExampleThis also meant that the right people, such as Dumbledore, who was not believed by the general gr declare population, could be believed without the doubt because as children, rag, Ron, and Hermione were not subject to the adult pressures that a culture can regularise upon its citizens to believe certain untruths. When the bend aesthetics become the core of their movement, they adhere to the concept that what is right supersedes what is law. done the advantages of their innocence and age, that they have less to lose than intimately of the adults in the world, they can adapt to the outlaw fringes in edict to accomplish their goals. Harry is able to use his youth to infiltrate the needs of his realm in a way that the adults who have similar goals are unable to accomplish. Harry Potter comes across as the norm boy in terrible circumstances, who blossoms when the truth of his life is revealed to him. His adolescence is a mirror of the events in the ave rage life of a teenager, his struggles metaphors for the struggles that most youths find themselves struggling to overcome. He reflects both the constructs of the youthful attack aircraft and the outlaw hero, his actions flexible to the situation, his youth affording him the freedom to go against the grain as needed. Harry, unlike many heroes, embraces his role at bottom his community, fervently going after the villain because that villain took his family. His role and his motivation are in harmony, his disposition to overcome the evil in this world a priority.... ommon feelings of isolation and alienation that are the initial mundane and common feelings that are attributed to Harry, despite the extremes of his life, create the first level of empathy with readers, but then it is turned so that his survival, his ability to recognise through his childhood and begin the journey of adolescence, makes him a hero. Seger states that hero stories come from our own experiences of overcom ing adversity, as well as our desire to do great and special acts (357). The dynamic is a powerful way in which his life connects to the reader. However, just like the adolescence that everyone experiences, Harry must now choose to live up to the perceptions that have been created around him and fulfill the expectations with which others have framed his identity - or not. This dilemma is at the core of adolescence, the concept of now finding a path on which to wander in order to fulfill the balance between what is expected and what is desired for ones own life (Kroger 3). Harry begins his journey in the same place that most pre-teens begin their journey - adhered to the expectations of the adults in their life. Harry represents twain sides of a coin each side in opposition to the other, thus his heroism has the best come up of connecting to the audience, just as most cinematic heroes tend to represent a duality. Heroes connect to the audience by having diametrical attributes that are in opposition (Ray 343). Harry begins his journey through opposing identities. The next tonicity from that point is in trying to find a way to define ones self through actions that either support or deny this expectation. The one difference between Harry and most pre-teen age children is that his preconceived identity through the adults in his new world is that he is a hero

Influence of Nostalgia on the Concept of Ideal World Essay

Influence of Nostalgia on the Concept of Ideal World - Essay usageTo present an influence of Nostalgia on the concept of Ideal World it is very important to have a comprehensive understanding of the word Nostalgia. Nostalgia refers to the sweet memories which an individual would want to relive all over again. The nostalgic concept in Paradise lost is based around the lives of Adam and eve.. Eve was the first to cancel out the forbidden fruit and Adam committed a bigger sin by following in the footsteps of Eve. When they quarreled over small things they realized that things had changed after the consumption of the forbidden fruit. God decides to expel Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden. Adam then goes on an expedition with an angel to know how the world is like. He finds unworthy in the world and becomes nostalgic to the moments he spent with Eve in the Garden of Eden. To satisfy the piercing desire I had Of tasting those fair apples, I resolvd Not to defer hunger and thirst at once Powerful persuaders, quickend at the scent Of that alluring fruit, urged me so keen. (Browse Authors, 21 October 2008). The quote goes to show the implications of the actions taken by Adam, in spite of the warning he chose to taste the forbidden fruit. As a get out of the same, he was expelled from the Garden of Eden where he experienced all the comforts and luxuries.

WEAK ANTHROPOCENTRIC INTRINSIC VALUE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

WEAK ANTHROPOCENTRIC INTRINSIC VALUE - endeavor Examplevation made by Hargrove, the subject of discussion that he appears to have failed in, is disputing the concept of subjectivist nonanthropocentric intrinsic value. The hypothesis of subjective nonathropocentric value theory, as presented by J. Baird Callicott observes that nature has no value of its own, unless it is given to it by merciful beings, since values depend entirely on human judgment (Hargrove, 194). While Hargrove tends to dispute this argument by arguing that nature has its intrinsic value, there is a reason to disagree with his argument, since without the judgment conferred upon nature by human beings to determine its value, there is no way that nature on its own can be possessed of value. In disputing Hargroves argument against subjective nonathropocentric value theory, I contend with J. Baird Callicott, that something becomes valuable only because individual values it (Hargrove, 195). It is apparent that all v alue depends on the subjective feelings of human observers, and that value will scantily exist in nature, unless it is given to it by human value judgment (Hargrove,

Literature review Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Literature review - Dissertation ExampleYouth battalions is non a new phenomenon in the society as it dates back in 17th century where they were characterized with tiring of distinct colors for their identification and arose mainly from social and economic vacuum in their neighborhoods and their contemporary societies (Wiener 2005). The imposing emerging larger ringings do dumbfound a powerful and resourceful organization, access to powerful and sedate weapons, and resourceful media which they use to recruit young children into these gangs (Jankowski 2003). ground on this, it can be argued that youthfulness gangs argon considered a threat to the peaceful coexistence in the society at large. The origin of youth gangs is greatly attributed to the economically and socially disadvantaged background (Howell 2005). These youth gangs in most societies and neighborhoods are perceived by its members to take in several needs that range from psychological and physical needs to economic and social needs (Howell 2005). Based on these researches, it is notable that these underlying needs are associated with the failure of the family to fill the arising gaps from this. Gangs notable intents is focused on provision of friendship, sense of identity, searching for wealth and finally for the purpose of security (Hastings, Dunbar, & Bania 2011). Nature and organization of youth gangs Youth join gangs mainly due to increasing trusting relationship within the gang family (Brantingham 2006). This is attributed to failure as well as incompetence on the parents, clergy and teachers in performing their traditional roles of counseling and manoeuver the youth in the society. In the examination of youth gangs in general, it is notable that gang members have actual trusting solid relationships with their instructs who is considered the gang leader (Brantingham 2006). This relationship of the mentor and the mentee comes along with patience and the willingness and commitment of t he mentor in pursuing of a strong relationship (Campbell 2011). It can be argued that the concept of being material comes in place which is a key attribute of any youth gang leader (Wanberg 2004). This involves the gang leader relating genuine concerns on behalf of the gang members. therefore the mentor needs not to condemn the mentee for their actions or their immorality but the real attribute ensures that the gang leader listens, understands and help the group members (Campbell 2011). In wish to communication approach, the youth gang leader ensures that it is effective and this can be perceived that this consolidates the youth gang productive relationship and trust (Wanberg 2004). Based on this study, it can be ascribed that it is effective youth gangs have intensive and extensive knowledge and understanding in regard to the gang social norms and rules (Campbell 2011). Categories of Youth Gangs There are three main categories of youth gangs. The first category of youth gangs ar e corporate gangs in which its main focus is making money and thus considered profit making (Sanchez-Jankowski 2003). These categories are considered to be organize attributed by its clearly defined division of labor, high level of gang coordination and a well-entrenched hierarchy. This gang leading structure has limited its exposure to the criminal and law enforcers thus members of the gang tend not to substantially quit the gang (Sanchez-Jankowski 2003). Based on this study, it is evident that this kind of the gang is highly mobile and

Has british politics become more feminized since 1997 Essay

Has british politics become more feminized since 1997 - try on ExampleWhile the current parliament has the largest number of women MPs in British history, the isotropy is only 22.6%, which is just an increase of about 4% since 1997. This proportion indicates an increase of 1.3% in female mission per each election held after 1997.As many political systems across the world move towards equating in representation, Britain still lags way behind other countries like China, Italy, Germany and Argentina among many others. Feminisation of British politics has progressed with slow increase since the major achievement of 1997. The concept of feminisation of politics is based on the gender rather than the party and sex differences existing between men and women. The increased debate on the feminisation of politics is essentially based the perceptions of womens political styles being little legitimate, than those of their male counterparts. The utilise of politics is believed to be comple tely different between men and women. The fundamental discrepancies existing in the shipway which individuals from different genders practice politics are utilised in the determination of feminisation of political systems. feminist movement politics are characterised as based on co-operation, collaboration and honesty, qualities that depict them as gentle and var. politics. Masculine politics on the contrary, are presumed to be based on conflicts, hierarchy and sleaze. The characteristics of political systems and the politics have a significant effect on how the political environment within a country. The underlying definition of feminisation of politics is based on the gender representation of individuals rather than the content of the political system. Consideration of the gender issues within the British system results in the politics being considered to be less feminine, because of the large number of men within the

EDU 636 DB 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

EDU 636 DB 3 - Essay ExampleThe biggest favour of e-learning is that the person who is receiving the schooling can schedule the classes according to the students schedule. An e-learning classroom is self-paced, and the student does non need to turn in assignments according to a schedule, (N. A., N. D.). There are also many disadvantages to an e-learning environment. single of the biggest disadvantages is that students who are not motivated will not complete the course on time, and students often a feel detached because there is not traditional and unique learning experience, (N. A., N. D.). Students who begin to feel isolated at the lack of intercommunication with the learning environment may become lonely, and begin to fall behind because the student became unmotivated to complete assignments on time. Computer-based training is a way for students to earn a college degree man online. Just like e-learning computer-based training has many advantages, and disadvantages. Some of t he advantages, and disadvantages of a computer-based training program can be similar to the advantages and disadvantages of e-learning. The biggest advantage of computer-based training is the lower costs involved for students when students enroll in a computer-based training course. Also, assignments and classes can be scheduled around the students person schedule. However, assignments usually have a deadline.

Raise or Lower Tuition Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Raise or dismount Tuition - Assignment ExampleThis would result into more tax taxations for the university. On the other hand, if the pauperization for the university is less than the build of obtainable sit, a rise in education would result in cut downing of the revenues (Mankiw, 2011). Due to lesser ingest, the students would opt for alternate choices where the charge is comparatively less. Answer 2 The revenue earnings of the university would vary depending upon the dominant conditions of demand for the university and the number of seats available. The revenues of the unity will rise when the demand for admission exceeds the number of seats available. The university would have the option to raise tuition resulting into higher revenue earnings. The revenue earnings of the university are probable to fall when the demand for university admissions is less than the number of available seats. Due to lesser demand, the university would have to reduce the tuition that would r esult into fall of revenue earnings (Marshall, 2006). Even stagnant tuition fees would lend to fall of revenue due to lesser number of students. The revenues of the university are likely to remain same when there is equilibrium betwixt the demand for university admissions and the number of seats available. ... Due to the high demand for university admissions, there is large number of students available for enrolment. The students would be ready to pay more for their preferred university. This would positively impact the process of revenue earnings. The overtaking of revenue from the lower number of student enrollments is a scenario that can occur due to lower demand of university admissions against the number of available seats. Due to lower demand, a hike in the tuition fees would cause lower number of students to enroll. The students would prefer other universities for which the process of revenue earnings would get affected. Answer 4 A negative damage ginger snap of the uni versity indicates with the rise in the tuition fees, the demand for university admissions is likely to fall. Considering the situation when the price elasticity of the university is (-1.2), a rise in tuition fees of the university would result in considerable fall of demand of the university admissions. The university has also been suffering with the revenue earnings in recent times. A further rise of revenue in such a condition would result in the further lowering of student enrollment (Schotter, 2008). This would result into lowering of revenue earnings for the university. In such a situation, the university would be suggested to lower the tuition fees in order to revive the situation of revenue crunch of the university in recent times. A simplification of tuition would draw more students for enrollment. The students would want to take the advantage of comparatively low tuition fees. This would lead to expansion of revenue for the university. Answer 5 Being the President of NSU, the economic theories of supply, demand and price elasticity would be

Reason of brand image transfer between industries Dissertation

Reason of grass grasp get rid of between industries - Dissertation ExampleThe question which is raised is then based on why corporations finalise to transfer brands between industries. The strategic implications and the associations with how this relates to the environment becomes the most important aspect while creating a deeper sagaciousness of what the expected results are within the brand image. The ability to develop more insight into brand image transfer is then able to create questions of how corporations can use this for better results when associating with the external environment. ... ?25 methodological analysis..26 Type of Study.27 Ethical Considerations...30 Summary30 Results31 Discussion..36 Recommendations for Brand Image steer40 Limitations of the Study.41 Implications for Future Research...43 Conclusion.45 References..47 Introduction The power of a brand is adept which is often recognized as a driving force among businesses that are searching for solutions. The role of the brand becomes even more essential to examine when looking at the transfer between industries and with alternative products and services. The effects which this holds are able to alter both the internal and external environment while creating changes within the industry. Creating efficient strategies for brand identity is one which can begin to alter the way in which individuals respond to prone situations while creating a different relationship with the strategies that are created with corporations. Examining the

International Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Inter guinea pig Management - Essay ExampleWhat is a trade policy? It has been described as a government tool used to encourage or restrict import and export. These tools may be in form of tariffs, quotas and voluntary export restraint. There are also domestic mandatory regulations requiring for toleration to health and safety standards. The domestic mandatory regulations are done to encourage or discourage pitch of goods and services to the domestic economy.Another trading tool to encourage export production done by the government is paying of subsidy of certain products, such as subsidy to farming production. Subsidy to clams production is common in the United States. Trade policies should also be negotiated in bilateral agreements as this will form part of the nations obligations and national policies.Antigua-Barbuda is a small country comprising of 442 square up kilometers (171 square miles). For a clear idea of size, it is twice and a half the size of Washington D.C. It has an slope speaking population of 74,097, has a workforce of 30,000 working for commerce and service, agriculture and other industry. Unemployment rate as of 2006 is 13%. (US Dept. of State. 2009)This policy has transformed the current level of export and importations of the country. It could be seen from Chart 1 infra that exports have increased from US$400m in 2000-01 to US$600m in 2005-06, while the level of imports remain the kindred for the specified years.Countrys exports to Italy, Germany, Poland and Singapore consist of food, manufacturing, machines and petroleum products. Imported items are food, machines, chemicals and oil access from China, Germany, Singapore and US. (Economy Watch)3. Antigua-Barbudas trade policy. This part of the study will provide information on the national trade policy, information on agreements, regulations, standards and investment climate of

Birmingham International Airport Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Birmingham International Airport - Assignment Example substantial estate values drop and countryside vanishes as air traffic increases. The additional vehicle traffic requires refreshful roads or master(prenominal)tenance of existing ones and further degrades air quality and raises noise pollution.The proposed Birmingham Alternative attempts to speech environmental and economic issues. The BIA has offered to build a wide-spaced runway to reduce the negative impact on the Solihull Borough area. whatsoever believe the economic benefits are offset by the level of noise and air pollution as detailed in such reports as The Plain Truth, a study commissioned by the Ashford Trust.Compromises nooky be reached by efforts to decrease demand which will lessen congestion, emissions and noise levels, which have been shown to cause wellness problems and learning disabilities in children. Airports and the aviation industry are an important part of the UK culture and economy. The government, loc al residents and the airports stack work together to ensure that the increasing air travel does not significantly effect the wellness of UK residents and the environment.The Birmingham International Airport (BIA) was built and operated by the Birmingham City Council in 1939. During World War II the RAF employ the facilities until 1946 when the airport resumed civilian use, but it was controlled by the government until 1960 (BIA).The airport exp The airport expanded several multiplication throughout the years with the Eurohub being added in July 1991. It was billed as the first terminal to host both(prenominal) domestic and international passengers. Remnants of the original airport are still evident west of the hangars near the main runway. In April 1987 the airport changed hands and became the Birmingham International Airport plc (public limited company) owned by seven regularize councils in the West Midlands. BIA currently serves over 800,000 passengers a month and hosts thirty eight airlines, making it the one-fifth busiest airport in England. The airport handles nine million passengers a year and is located near the M42 pike and A45 main road. Service is also provided by the Birmingham International railway station.The airport currently has two paved runways one being 2,605 metres and the other 1,315 metres. Expansion plans include

Thornton Wilder Essay Example for Free

Thornton frantic Essay either we live by accident and go away by accident, or we live by plan and die by plan. In Thornton unrestraineds The Bridge of San Luis Rey, Brother Juniper strives to make this determination. Thornton Wilder may have to a fault tried to ascertain this himself. As maven of Americas most respected contemporary authors, Thornton Niven Wilder has received oft erasrenown for his works, especially Pulitzer Prize winning The Bridge of San Luis Rey . Why Wilder wrote the invigorated and why the novel is so famous may be argued through his background and use of specific themes (Books). Thornton Wilders background fall in to his way of writing as well as his outlook on life. In his novel In Life as we Live it, Wilder expresses his strong belief in the preciousness of life Do humans ever realize life while they live it? (Simoni).When someone asked Thornton Wilder about his solve in writing The Bridge of San Luis Rey, he replied that he was posing a question Is there a direction and meaning in lives beyond the individuals own will? (Society).The three principle influences on the literary productions of Thornton Wilder were his religious background, his love of classicism, and his worldwide travels. Wilders Family and homelife also affected his writing greatly, especially his fuck off (Books). The time period of his life aslo brought influence on Wilders writing. During this time was World War II in which Wilder served and receivedideas. The reason for Wilders wide acceptance and large renown in society may be answered through the authors Life influences, the time period in which he grew up, and the style and themes that he uses in his writing.Thornton Niven Wilder was born in Madison , Wisconsin on April 18, 1897, as one of five children, one of which was his twin, of Amos Parker Wilder and Isabella Wilder.Thorntons father was a newspaper editor, diplomat, and a strict Calvinist. His father had a great impact on Wilders writing.In Th eBridge of San Luis Rey, the Wilder said that the idea of the collapse of the bridge stemmed from arguments with his strict father. In 1906 the family locomote to Hong Kong, where his father had been appointed American Consul General. After six months his mother returned with the children to the United States, but the family rejoined again in 1911 in Shanghai, where his father had been transferred. Wilder stayed in China for a year (Encyclopedia).Wilders home life was characterized by a strong religious and intellectual atmosphere which allowed him to read expansively. This habit was the main ifluence in his flight (Books). In 1915 Wilder enrolled in Oberlin College, where he studied the Greek and Roman classics in translation. Classicism contend a major role in the works of Thornton Wilder. Classicism is the imitation or use in the beginning of the style and aesthetic principles of ancient Greek and Roman classical art and literature. In 1917 the family moved to to new Haven, Connecticut, and Wilder entered Yale University. He bagan to write The Bridge of San Luis Rey on the winding walk from the golf club to polish college.Although the novel asks the question of why those five died? Wilder states, I have left this question unanswered. As I said earlier, we can only pose the question correctly and clearly, and have faith one will ask the question in the right way. (Society). He began to write it in his rooms on the top floor of the eleventh entry of graduate college and finished it the following year while doctrine at Lawrenceville (Books). The time period of all these events also contribute to Wilders way of writing.

The Vietnam War as History Essay Example for Free

The Vietnam War as History EssayYou can kill ten-spot of our men for every one we kill of yours. But even at those odds, you lead lose and we will win. Such were the words of Ho Chi Minh referring to France and the States in their wars in Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh was a Vietnamese revolutionary, who later became Prime Minister (19461955) and President (19461969) of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam ( due north Vietnam). He led the North Vietnamese in the Vietnam War until his death. Six years later, the war ended with a North Vietnamese victory, and Vietnamese unification followed. The former capital of S step forwardh Vietnam, Saigon, was renamed Ho Chi Minh City in his honor. The Vietnam War, or the 2nd Indochina Wars, was the longest military conflict in United States history. Furthermore, according to Richard M. Nixon (1985), No event in American history is more misunderstood than the Vietnam War. It was misreported then, and it is misremembered now. In Elizabeth Jane Erringt ons book entitled, The Vietnam War as History, it probes the events in Southeast Asia in the thirty years after 1945 through the lenses of history.It is a compilation of the most topical academic interpretations on the origins and effects of the Vietnam War. The contributors hypothesize and discuss diverse aspects of the Vietnam conflicts and clear away numerous fallacies and myths which restrained surround the war. They seek to understand how and why events in Southeast Asia came just about as they did, and the impact they brought about both regionally and globally. The book sheds light on the lessons learned from the war.It is, of course, expected for people and nations to achieve friendship of certain things from past experiences, especially when it is an agonizing one. In this case, however, there are at least 2 problems. First, there is no accord on what should be learned. The people are still divided in their beliefs as to the meaning and significance of the warmany year s after it was considered over. Secondly, in attempting to comprehend something out of the recent past, Americans on both sides of the debate have badly misused or misinterpreted history itself.What and then did we learn out of this conflictthis bloodshed and waste not only of resources but similarly civil lives? To most people, there should not be Vietnams anymore. The United States presidency can do whatever they wish to aid nearby countries or even those halfway-around the globe but cannot fight the war for them. An example is Americas aid in militarization and modernization ( early(a)wise known as Americanization) of the South American drug-war. around believe that when the government sends the guns, it will not take long before it sends the sons.Every time, the United States government tries to help a certain country it raises a specter of another Vietnam that will ensue. On the other hand, conservatives believe that Vietnam was a noble causeand it could have been won. In subsequent conflicts involving Vietnams invasion of Cambodia, they believed that the fundamental frequency error in the Vietnam conflict is not the fact that the United States government interfered rather it was the failure of the latter(prenominal) to win the seemingly endless Vietnam guerilla war.Reading this book will give us a better understanding of the Vietnam conflictwhat caused it to happen and its repercussions to other Asian countries and ultimately the whole world. This book also sheds some light on what has been learned from Vietnam, suggest why these lessons lack validity, and then specify some ways we might learn more valuably from a recent, painful incident Reference Errington, E. J. (1990). The Vietnam War as History. New York. Praeger Publishers.

Visitor in Singapore Art Museum Essay Example for Free

Visitor in capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of Singapore Art Museum EssayExecutive summaryAs the touristry industry is doing well throughout the world, in that location argon a lot of touristry sites which has gained benefits from it and one of it is the Singapore menagerie. However, m any of the tourism sites do not aware of the visitant-related counselling grapples that are happening under their area of control. For the Singapore zoo, there is currently an overcrowding issue which has brought detriments for them. In dress to deal with the overcrowding issue, the manager of the Singapore zoo target apply one of the trouble planning tools much(prenominal) as Visitor Management continue which will be discussed in this report and overly strategies which bunghole help in reducing the impacts from the overcrowding issue. 1. cornerstoneTourism industry has gained enormous popularity and brought a lot of benefit for tourism destinations since the last decades. However, nigh tourism sites only concern about how to obtain maximum profit from the visitors and neglected the issues which might ca employ negative impacts and direct to failure in achieving the attention targets. The main purpose of this report is to identify the visitor-related anxiety issue of Singapore zoological garden and discuss the possible causes and impacts which arise due(p) to the issue identified. Moreover, some management actions in destination of approaches and strategies will be recommended in sight to deal with the management issue encountered by Singapore menagerie.2. reason of Singapore ZooThe Singapore Zoo, also referred to as Mandai Zoo and formerly known as Singapore Zoological Gardens is opened on the 27th of June in 1973. Further more than, the Singapore Zoo is built on a 28 hectares piece of land with a grant from the Singapore government. The zoo applies a modern method of displaying animals in almost natural habitats p roviding the visitors a chance to view a large number of animals which is some 316 species contains of 36% threatened species (Singapore Zoo, 2011). The Singapore Zoo is visited by a large number of mountain of twain local and international origins daily and often it is beyond the carrying capacity of the zoo e peculiar(prenominal)ly on the domain holiday. In addition, the popularity of the zoo andthe large number of visitors creates a occupation that hampers an capable dish economy (Barr, 2005). This problem is the problem of overcrowding and consequential problems resulting from it (Appendix 2).3. Overcrowding issue in the Singapore ZooDue to the popularity of the Singapore Zoo, the zoo has been experiencing large visitor numbers, thus, resulting to inefficient service delivery. Overcrowding in the Singapore Zoo has resulted to motley problems which causes the Singapore Zoo to puzzle a risk zone.4.1. Causes of overcrowdingIn the Singapore Zoo, the problem of overcrowding can be attributed to various factors. These factors involve omit of fitting guides in the zoo, lack of an adequate viewing space for various species of interest to the visitors, small size of it of the zoo premises, purchase of entry tickets at the zoo, and lack of special tracks for the disabled who use wheel-chairs. 4.2.1. Lack of adequate guides in the zooThe lack of enough support staff in the Singapore Zoo also contributes to overcrowding. This happens as a result of haphazard movements in the zoo by various visitors. Moreover, most of the visitors utilizing more fourth dimension per individual and the continuous time wastage cause the visitors in the zoo at any time of the day to face congestion (Milner, 1981).4.2.2. Lack of an adequate viewing space for various species of interest to the visitorsThe zoos setup has also contributed to overcrowding by not matching demand and supply. This is so, because the viewing space for various unique and interesting species is the sam e as for the animals with fewer viewers. For warning, most of the Singapore Zoos visitors are more interested with the White Bengal Tiger but the viewing space for observing the species is inadequate and principal sum to crowding (Milner, 1981).4.2.3. Small size of the zoo premisesSince 1973, the size of the Singapore Zoo has remained constant, despite the maturation local and international popularity. This has resulted in the unavoidable overcrowding, since the same location is visited by more visitors at any given time. Lack of an adequate space has also caused overcrowding due to the lack of adequate parking spaces in the zoo. The congestion is also worsened by poor parking in the available parking slots (Milner, 1981).4.2.4. obtain of entry tickets at the zooThe purchase of entry tickets at the zoo by in access guests has resulted to overcrowding at the entry points for the incoming visitors. This paints a negative image of the zoo with the new visitors who at times make sh ort schedules ending up in having little time to view the diverse species in the zoological garden. The act of purchasing entry tickets in the zoo also causes fatigue to the visitors, especially during the very sizzling days as they await either to be served or to have their tickets processed (Milner, 1981).4.2.5. Lack of special tracks for the disabled who use wheel-chairs Over the past, the global recognition of the rights of the disabled has led to more visits by people on wheelchairs and other disabled carriages. The influx of the disabled and their assistants on the same paths as the other individuals at times causes overcrowding, since the varying terrain causes slow movements for the disabled, hence causing congestion (Kisling, 1988).4.2. restores of OvercrowdingThe effects of overcrowding in the Singapore Zoo have wide reaching effects on the tourists, the wildlife, and the zoo infrastructure and image. The various impacts include pollution, strife between visitors, inse curity, and poor satisfaction train of visitors.4.3.6. PollutionThe overcrowding of the Singapore Zoo results in a revolution of purlieual pollution. The noise from the consequent overcrowding of the zoo results in a great distress to the wild animals due to the interference to the animal space. Furthermore, high levels of stress to the wild animals can result in poor health, as well as death of some valuable animal species. Overcrowdinghas also contributed to the rise in the levels of litter in the Singapore Zoo and led to the loss of the internal beauty of the zoo. Litter has also been plant in the enclosures of the wild animals, leading to consequential ingestion of the litter, which causes poisoning to the animals. In addition, pollution has contributed to people opting to choose other recreational sites, therefore causing a downshift move in the status of the Singapore Zoo (Kreag, 2001).4.3.7. Conflict between visitorsAccording to Schneider and Hammit (1995), conflict is a continuing issue featured by minor(ip) annoyance incidents which have a cumulative effect. When there is an overcrowding, visitors may demonstrate bad attitude or behavior against each other therefore conflict occurred. Based on the observation undertaken in the Singapore Zoo, conflict between visitors arose in several berths for instance during the long queue for tram inside the zoo and from the outside when visitors are queuing at the bus chink and taxi stand (Appendix 3).4.3.8. InsecurityOvercrowding of the Singapore Zoo has led to the straining of the available support staff. This has caused an increase in the instances of insecurity which have manifested as habitual thefts of visitors items and visitors crossing over the set barriers or taunting the animals, thus attacked by the animals. These incidents happened due to the lack of adequate staff to keep track of the visitors behavior (Innes, 2006).4.3.9. Poor satisfaction level of visitorsWhen visitors expect that Singapor e Zoo is a good recreational site whereas it shown such a poor service performance, the satisfaction level of visitors eventually drop. Moreover, the consequence is loss of popularity and a decline in the number of visitors, hence loss in the income of the zoo (Kreag, 2001).4. RecommendationThis section of the report will describe the potential management approachwhich can be use by Singapore Zoo and suggest some strategies to minimize the impacts of overcrowding. In order to solve the serious issue of overcrowding, the management of Singapore Zoo can choose to implement the management planning tools. These tools include the Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS), Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC), Visitor Activity Management dish (VAMP), Visitor Impact Management (VIM), and Visitor Experience Resource Protection (VERP). However, this report will focalization on the VIM approach as a recommendation for the management of Singapore Zoo.5.3. Visitor Impact Management approachVIM is a management planning tool that focuses on the visitors activities and their impact with a series of processes and techniques. This framework consists of eight steps processes which are created to deal with the issues to impact management (Pigram and Jenkins, 2006).5.4.10. ill-use 1 Preassessment date base reviewThe main purpose of this step is for the management to identify and review the reading related with the situation which they already had in order to fully utilize the information on relegate during the visitor impact management process. In this step, the manager of Singapore Zoo can do a review on their policy documents and the information of their visitors or the survey on their visitors which they have done to begin with (Pigram and Jenkins, 2006).5.4.11. look 2 Review of management objectivesThe second step of the VIM process is to review the pertinent management objectives to the current situation. It is important to have an unambiguous and specific management object ive so that the service provider can measure their performance level to know whether they are operating according to their management objective (Hendee Stankey, and Lucas, 1990). For Singapore Zoo, they have an objective which is to bring people closer to the nature therefore they carry to ensure that the services they provided for visitors do not stray from their initial management objective.5.4.12. Step 3 pick of key impacts indicators In this step,there are many measurable indicators for the associated management objective which need to be identified. The most important thing is to choose the essential variables or attributes based on the ecological and hearty impacts which will be used as an indicator (Appendix 4) (Pigram and Jenkins, 2006). Accordingly, Singapore Zoo needs to select the most relevant impact indicators with regard to their current situation.5.4.13. Step 4 Selection of standards for key impact indicators after impact indicators have been chosen, the next step is to set standards for those indicators. Moreover, the standards to be set are depending on the management objectives of the service provider and these standards will be used as the basis against the evaluation of existing situation (Pigram and Jenkins, 2006). Similarly, the Singapore Zoo need to set a standard for the impact indicators selected in step 3.5.4.14. Step 5 Comparison of standards and existing conditions Once the previous steps have been carried out, the next step is to oppose the key impact indicators and the related standards. If there is no discrepancy between the key impact indicators and the standards, it indicated that there is no unacceptable impact and the only thing that needs to be performed is monitoring the situation for prospective changes (Pigram and Jenkins, 2006). However, from the discussion above, the Singapore Zoo in facing an overcrowding issue therefore it is necessary to move on the next step of VIM process.5.4.15. Step 6 Identify probable cause s of impacts At the first come out of this report, the probable causes of impacts regarding the issue encountered by the Singapore Zoo have been identified. But, if the Singapore Zoo really wants to process the VIM approach, they need to do enquiry with the purpose of finding the most significant causes of the issue (Pigram and Jenkins, 2006).5.4.16. Step 7 Identify management strategiesAfter the probable causes of the visitor impacts have been identified, the next step is to insight and construct the suitable management strategiesthat can be used to reduce the visitor impacts problem. Furthermore, the visitor management strategies are classified into two different categories which are the indirect and direct strategies (Appendix 5). So, the Singapore Zoo can choose to use the indirect or direct method or both in order to fix the overcrowding issue (Pigram and Jenkins, 2006).5.4.17. Step 8 ImplementationThe last step of the VIM process is to implement the management strategies as soon as possible to minimize the unacceptable impacts. However, the program does not stop until here, instead the service provider need to continuously monitor and observe whether the strategies implemented has generated desired outcomes (Pigram and Jenkins, 2006).5.4. StrategiesThe problems that Singapore Zoo faces and the effects of the existing problems can be mitigated. Indirectly, the administration of the Singapore Zoo should ease the slipway of getting tickets in other places than within the zoo. Some of these methods include the use of online marketing companies and partnering with tour providers to digest tickets to their clients on behalf of the Singapore Zoo. This will help to reduce congestion by improving service delivery (Graefe, Kuss, and Vaske, 1990). Furthermore, the Singapore Zoo should provide both offsite and onsite education about the need of appreciation of the recreational environment for the visitors so they will participate in conserving the recreational values.In addition, the Singapore Zoo should charge high admission fees during peak season in order to decrease the number of visitors coming to the zoo. On the other hand, some of the direct visitor management strategies that could be adopted in regard to this issue include the increased surveillance to enhance proper interactions between the visitors and the animals. There should also be zoning for example by keeping the children away from the majority of the animals. Lastly, the Singapore Zoo should limit size of visitors who are coming to the zoo in group to allow decongestion in the zoo (Giongo, Bosco-Nizeye, and Wallace, 1994).5. ConclusionIn conclusion, the Singapore Zoo, macrocosm an attractive tourism site should be made as efficient as possible and it is exact for the manager of the Singapore Zoo to be aware of the overcrowding issue happening in the zoo and the impacts arisen from it. Furthermore, the issue can be minimized by utilizing the stated recommendations in or der to achieve the management objective and to preserve the recreational values of the Singapore Zoo.MethodologyThere are two types of approaches which have been used to gather all the information needed for the working of this report, namely quantitative and qualitative approaches. For the qualitative approach, the research is done through direct observation on the tourism site discussed in this report which is the Singapore Zoo whereas the quantitative approach is done by getting information from secondary data such as academic journals, magazines, and related website for the discussion.ReferenceBarr, D. (2005). Zoo and aquarium libraries An overview and update. Canadian press. Giongo, F., Bosco-Nizeye, J. and Wallace, G.N. (1994). A study of visitor management in the worlds national parks and protected areas. College of Natural Resources, Colorado separate University. Graefe, A., Kuss, F.R. and Vaske, J. J. (1990). Visitor impact management A review of research. Washington, DC N ational Parks and Conservation Association. Hendee, J., Stankey, G. Lucas, R. (1990). wild management, North American Press, Golden, CO. Innes, J. (2006). Scholarly communication and knowledge management in American zoos. Nova Southeastern University press. Kisling, V.N. (1988). American zoological park libraries and archives. Oxford Oxford press. Kreag, G. (2001). The impacts of tourism. New York Minnesota University press. Miller, G.D. (1981). An inquiry into the role of libraries in zoos and aquariums. Chicago University of Chicago press. Pigram, J.J.J., Jenkins, J.M. (2006). outdoor(prenominal) Recreation Management. (2nd ed). New York Routledge Scheider, I.E. Hammit, W.E. (1995) Visitor response to outdoor recreation conflict A conceptual approach. empty science 17, 223-234. Singapore Zoo. (2011). Overview About the Singapore Zoo. Retrieved at 30 November 2011, fromhttp//www.wrs.com.sg/parks-info-facts.html

Monster by Sanyika Shakur Essay Example for Free

Monster by Sanyika Shakur EssayThe book Monster by Sanyika Shakur is the story of bingle gang members keep of constabulary trace-breaking growing up in a crime ridden neighbourhood outside Los Angeles. Then kn declare as Kody Scott but apt(p) the name Monster by his fellow gang members be arrange of his vicious and ruthless acts of forcefulness, Shakur relates a liveliness of crime that started at adolescence and escalated quickly. He relates to the lector that the only feelings of belonging and family that he truly experienced were in the family created by his fellow thugs through a flavour of shootouts and gangbanging. In the book, Shakur expresses memories of his mothers only reactions to his crimes being disapproval and detachment, rather than concern or love. There is little evidence of order or confederation in Shakurs experiences either in his time on the street or during his periods of incarceration. The novel Monster and the life of Sanyika Shakur paint a pl an of a life ruled by the concepts of the affectionate dis system of rules theory.The kind disorganization theory, formulated by Burgess, Shaw and McKay, proposes that delinquency and crime atomic number 18 the results of communal institutions like family, church, school and local government fail and way station being active structures within a corporation. These communal institutions enforce social responsibility, care and concern for the community and compulsory behaviour within the community. When these institutions degrade and stop playing active roles in the lives of the citizens of a community, the organization and social responsibility of the community is lost and crime and negative behaviour can spread in their place.The storage of Kodys graduation at the beginning of Monster is an example of the prevalence of social disorganization in Shakurs life. He relates how, at the age of 12, his graduation from grade school is treated as a family event and attended by each hi s siblings, an aunt and an uncle. But as soon as the graduation ceremony ends and the family re digs home it disintegrates, with the other way figures leaving and Kody being yelled at by his mother to clean up his room.There is no praise, no irrefutable reinforcement, just yelling and orders. As a result Kody flees for the place that he feels he ordain get that acceptance, love and sense of skill the hangout of a local gang member. It is in this early experience that it can be seen how the life of a gang member, in young Kodys eyes, will meet his packs far get out than living the life of a civilian and working a regular job, as he describes the clothing of unmatched gang member he emulates as, Things our parents could non afford to salute us (Shakur 6).He has been given no reinforcement from his family unit, a family where there is seemingly little or no structure, so he finds that structure and reinforcement, along with the promise of better things, in gang life. Later, after being released from prison, Shakur reflects on his neighbourhood that he grew up in and recognizes its shortcomings I couldnt believe the drabness of the city. Burned-out buildings and vacant houses took up whole blocks. Gas stations and liquor stores owned by Koreans were on every corner. Mexican merchants hung on corners, hawking oranges like dope.The obvious things that had been there all along I never saw other than (Shakur 360). This illustration paints a picture of a neighbourhood that is rife with the characteristics of a socially disorganized environment. Shakur mentions no schools, no churches, no public parks or recreational arisings of exacting enforcement. The things that stand out to him are liquor stores and Mexican fruit sellers. There are burned-out buildings and vacant houses, representative of the void where dogmatic reinforcement and social responsibility is blatantly scatterbrained in his community.As a result, these streets that now cause him to feel depressed are the same ones that led him to a life of crime and murder. The things that are absent from the streets that Shakur sees were also absent from his life. He never mentions school again after that early graduation memory except to say that he never went back, and there is no mention of church at all by him or his family. The concept of faith is so foreign to him that he does not understand it when the Islamic leaders in prison try to explain faith to him.There is no evidence of social responsibility in the neighbourhood that Shakur describes, only poverty and businesses like liquor stores that provide sources of negative misdirection from life and responsibility sooner of encouraging improvement or positive behaviour. One of the elements of gang life that appealed to Shakur was the structure provided by the organization of gang sets. He states, All attempts at new ideas are not successful. Sets fail, much like businesses. Much work goes into establishing a set.With the success of a set comes universal quotation (Shakur 81). This description indicates that Shakurs way of deliberateing and personality would have benefited from a more positive source of structure and organization, such as in church, school or a community work program. In this illustration Shakur explains that successfully organizing a gang set garners recognition and respect, the ultimate goal. But the gang members hes organizing with have not been taught how to organize themselves for a positive goal, like a school gymnastic team or a church choir or study assemblage.In the absence of that positive reinforcement their organizational skills turn to forming a successful set that will have adequate meter and sufficient weapons to launch an attack on gang rivals. The social net income that should have existed within the community as a source of strength and positive reinforcement was replaced by a social network within the gang community, spreading violence and drug use throughout a community washy by wish of leadership and socially positive structures. There is a sense of apathy portrayed in the neighbourhood that Shakur grew up gangbanging in that allowed the social disorganization to spread.He describes occasions in which he and fellow gang members would follow rivals into local businesses to assault them and business owners would simply step out of the way. This is another(prenominal) scenario in which positive behaviour could have been reinforced. The local businesses do not represent a traditionalistic social structure like a school or a church, but a group of local businesses banding together to stop gang violence on their premises and to enforce the jurisprudence against crime and hike local youth towards more positive pursuits would have produced the same effect.Instead, other citizens turn a blind eye to the theft and violence that occurs on their property out of fear or apathy. This bearing allows the disorganization to occur just as the fa iling of the communal institutions does. Shakurs experiences in the eightfold prisons in which he is incarcerated also provide evidence of a lack of structure or positive reinforcement. Shakur repeatedly gives examples of prison guards that mistreat and beat African American inmates because they are African American or because they are gang members.When discussing the juxtaposition of the environment he grew up in with the prison environment he explains that much of the disorganization and violence in prison stemmed from, the fact that most of us grew up in eighty percent New Afrikan community policed or occupied by an eighty fiver percent American pig force that is fetchly antagonistic to any male in the community, displaying this antagonism at every opportunity by any means necessary with all the brute force and sadistic imagination they can muster(Shakur 223-24).In a socially organized society law enforcement would be another structure that would reinforce positive behaviou r within the community and help to encourage a sense of community responsibility. Here, Shakur describes a police force where the opposite is true. Instead of encouraging positive action the police antagonize citizens, especially those that are male, and use brute force and unnecessary violence to enforce the law, while taking advantage of their position of authority over the citizens.Instead of using their authority to be role models within the community and protect the people from crime by discouraging it, the police that Shakur grew up with on his Los Angeles streets abused their power and took advantage of their authority to wrongfully accuse Shakur and his community. This represents a clear departure from the social structure necessary for social organization, and a degradation that could have definitely resulted in the presence of social disorganization instead.The structures of authority within the gang manhood relate Shakurs need for reinforcement and organization that he d idnt find in his social community. During his stay in prison he describes plays for power in which an inmate member of one gang would physically assault or publicly humiliate an inmate member of another gang as a means of establishing self-assurance for himself over the other inmate and for his gang set over the other gang set.Again, this is an example of the lack of social structure, both out in the community and within the confines of the prison, resulting in a social structure and community spreading in the criminal world and encouraging negative behaviour and crime. It is in this prison system that functions as a microcosm of social disorganization that Shakur discovered the New Afrikan Independence Movement, which is presented as a contrast to the unstructured, violent, socially disorganized world that Shakur has known.Again, he feels a sense of belonging in the structure and positive reinforcement of his attitude. He learns to take pride in his heritage and where he is from i nstead of reacting out of anger and ignorance at the police and other members of society that he feels degrade him. In the drive Shakur explains that he learned that his behaviour was directly related to the environment he was in and the reinforcement he was given, and that the only way to create a positive environment for himself and his people was to create one. In himself, Shakur develops his own social organization.He describes how he left the gang community while in prison and expresses amazement that there was not more resistance. It makes sense that after a life in the gang world where any opposition or threat to the authority and structure of the gang was met with anger, violence, and potentially death, that Shakur would be upset about announcing his decision to turn his back on gang life and his surprise at the root reaction. Shakur also changes his life outside of prison, instructing his friends to not address him using the N-word and refusing the cocaine they bring hi m.The reactions of his friends and family to his new attitude and outlook on life illustrate the reinforcement of social disorganization. His gang member friends try to give him money and drugs right away so that he can delve right back into a life of illegal activity and crime. His mother displays a detached, almost unemotional attitude that indicates that she doesnt think its possible for him to avoid returning to the gangbanging life he knew and make a new life for himself.In her reaction, his mother displays all the characteristics of a socially disorganized community in her inability to erect positive reinforcement or organizational help or structure. It is only through Shakurs will and new sense of purpose that he escapes the socially disorganized world he lived in for one that is organized with the structure and positive reinforcement he needs to succeed. Works Cited Shakur, Sanyika. Monster. New York Grove Press, 1993.

Education in Barbados Essay Example for Free

Education in Barbados EssayBarbados had one of the oldest and well-nigh advanced education musical arrangements in the Eastern Caribbean in the late eighties. Education dated back to 1686, when personal funds were used to build the first school. Throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, education was controlled by the Anglicans, who were later joined by other(a) religious groups. By 1962 education was free for in all nationals and administered primarily by the state.This trend continued, so that by 1984 only 4 percent of the primary and secondary schools were managed by churches. Barbados longstanding emphasis on education was evident in the values and goals of contemporary society.Education has traditionally been associated with success and upwardly mobility. In 1970 Barbados officially claimed to have achieved a 99-percent literacy rate, a figure that was questioned by some observers. in spite of these doubts, observers generally agreed that in the 1980s lit eracy in Barbados exceeded the rates of other Caribbean societies. In 1984 Barbados had 126 primary schools, one hundred ten of which were administered by the state. Approximately 1,350 teachers were available to instruct the 35,000 students. There were sixty-four secondary schools, five of which prepared students for practiced careers.A total of 6,000 students attended secondary-school programs. Postsecondary education consisted of seven institutions that awarded degrees or certificates. Four schools offered specific vocational cookery the Barbados Institute of Management and Productivity, the Erdiston Teachers Training College, the Tercentenary School of Nursing, and the Samuel Jackman Prescod Polytecnic. Academic programs at the university level were conducted at the countermine Hill Campus of the University of the West Indies (UWI) and the Barbados Community College, which offered vocational and technical classes as well.The UWI also included Codrington College, a local theo logical seminary. In 1979 the government created the Skills Training Programme to augment existing education programs. It was designed to go through the need for short but intensive training in vocational subjects and to prepare students for careers in mechanics, electronics, horticulture, masonry, plumbing, and other technical and vocational occupations. Although the educational infrastructure was designed to meet both the nations academic and vocational needs, observers soberly questioned Barbados ability to provide quality instruction in fields related to tourism,agriculture, and manufacturing, the major economic undertakings in the 1980s.Few courses were actually offered in agricultural science and commerce as a result, an inadequate bet of Barbadians were being prepared to take on the responsibilities inherent in a growing economy. The education system was also criticized for being stratified along socioeconomic lines. In general, upper-class Barbadians prepared for universi ty studies at the trump primary and secondary schools, received a disproportionate number of scholarships, and had the best records for entering the professional disciplines.On balance, however, most Barbadians felt that the education system still afforded opportunities to achieve at least limited upward mobility. The government appeared to be attempting to address specific criticisms of its educational policy its goals for Barbadian education in the 1980s included the promotion of equal educational opportunity and enhanced technical and vocational programs in all schools. In spite of its shortcomings, the Barbadian education system remained the best in the Eastern Caribbean in the 1980s.

Amanda Todd Story Essay Example for Free

Amanda Todd Story strainIve decided to tell you about my never ending story. In 7th grade i would go with friends on web cam meet and talk to new people. then got callight-emitting diode stunning,beautiful,perfect,etc. then wanted me to flash. so i did 1 year later. i got a message on facebook. from him dont know how he knew me. it said.. if you dont put on a show for me i will send your nudes. he knew my address,school,relatives,friends,family names, Christmas break knock at my door at 4am. it was the police. my photo was sent to everyone. i then got genuinely sick and got anxiety, major depression and panic disorder. i then moved and got into drugs and alcohol. my anxiety got worse couldnt go out. a year past and the guy came back with my new list of friends and school. exactly make a facebook page. my nudes were his profile pic. cried every night, lost all my friends and respect people had me for me again.. then nobody desire me. name calling, judged i can never get that photo back. its out there forever i started cutting i promised myself never again didnt have any friends and i sit at lunch alone. so i moved schools again everything was better even suasion i sat hushed alone. at lunch in the library everyday. later on a month later i started talking to an old guy friend. we back and fourth texted and he started to say he homogeneousd me.. led me on.. he had a girlfriend.. then he said come over my girlfriend ,is on vacation.So i did.. huge mistake.. he hooked up with me i thought he liked me 1 week later i get a text get out of your school. his girlfriend and 15 others come including himself. the girl and 2 others just said look around nobody likes you. in battlefront of my new school 50 people. a guy than yelled just punch her already. so she did.. she threw me to the globe and punched me several times. shavers filmed it. i was all alone and left on the ground. i felt like a joke in this world.. i thought nobody deserves this. i was alone .. i lie and said it was my fault and my idea. i didnt want him getting hurt, i thought he in reality liked me. merely he just wanted the sex.. someone yelled punch her already. teachers ran over but i just went and layed in a ditch and my dad found me. i wanted to lapse so bad when he brought me home i drank bleach.. it killed me inside and i thought i was gonna real die. Ambulance came and brought me to the hospital and flushed me. after i got home all i saw was on facebook. She deserved it, did you wash the mud out of your hair? i hope shes dead. nobody cared.. i moved aside to another city to my moms.Another school.. i didntwanna press charges because i wanted to move on. 6 months has gone by people are posting pics of bleach, clorex and ditches. tagging me .. i was dang a lot better as well they said.. she should try a different bleach. i hope she dies this time and isnt so stupid. they said i hope she sees this and kills herself.. Why do i get this? i messed up but why g o after me.. i left your guys city.. im constantly crying now..everyday i think why am i still here? My anxiety is horrible now.. never went out this summer. All from my pastlifes never getting better.. jargon go to school. Meet or be with people constantly cutting. Im really depressed.Im on anti depressants now. and counsellor and a month ago this summer. i overdosed in hospital for 2 days..Im stuck.. whats left of me now.. nothing stops. i have nobody.. i need someone. my name is Amanda Todd. Summarize What kind of person would bully a kid online? What kind of person ridicules a childs memory even after she took her own life. after 3 historic period of hell. began with a 12 year old and a web cam. Her name was Amanda Todd. by and by 3 years of hell, dealing with negative/rude comments telling her to kill herself, she decided it was time. Before she killed herself, she essay to kill herself two other times, the one time she tryed to drink bleach thinking that itll kill her ins tantly, but it didnt, the other time she started cutting herself and overdosing on drugs.Then a month before she move felo-de-se she posted a youtube video of what she was going through. After reading most of the rude comments on the video, she thought that why am i still here in this world? Im not wanted. Im worthless, nobody wants me here. After reading all the rude comments she finally committed suicide after 3 long years of hell. On Wednesday October 10th 2012 Amanda Todd was found dead She finally gave up on life and finally committed suicide.

Concept of Long Term Care Essay Example for Free

Concept of Long Term Care EssayIn this essay it explains how week one reading changes my concept of long term oversee. The essay will impart two examples of topical events related to long-run business organization and how it has changed. The paper will focus on examples of current events related to long-term care, and how might these examples increase awareness. This paper will explain what are ternary long-term care universe of discourses evident in my local community and if I was aware of these evident. Long term care is a health and social service there to provides operate such as assistance with familiar task, such as dressing, bathing and using the bathroom. After this week reading and discussion as a class on long-term care, I would say my concept has changed. I became more aware of the services provided in long-term care settings, too the several(prenominal) who requires long-term care.People would think of long-term care only for elders, but the type of peopl e consider of long- term care can be from individual with chronic conditions, severe mental illness, and also developmental disabilities, automobile or sporting accident anymore can need long term care in life. Reading the week reading also explain Children, is always the type of people in need of long- term care to surprise me. Children born(p) with developmental disabilities such as, Down syndrome affecting the brain, spinal cord, nervous system function causing them to need long- term care. Some of the current events related to long term care that happened, in the past three years increasing levels of violations staff physicians were not maintain on a 24 hour basis. another(prenominal) current event related to long term care a staff at crystal Care Center in Mansfield abuse a patient.The patient refuse to have oxygen feed to him through a nasal cannula, the nurse decide to tuck the sheet over the head of the patient. patient role abuse occurred in August 2010 but is rare in the state of Ohio but happens more oftentimes in long term care. These example increase awareness of long-term care having families monitor how a family member or friend treat, to see if medical care is provided with an appropriate level. In my community there are three long term care populations age 65 and older, individuals with disabilities and children. Seniors 65 and older is the biggest population in Arizona needing long term care services.

Pride and Prejudice, Tea in the Wendy House, and He said Essay Example for Free

Pride and parti pris, Tea in the W annuly habitation, and He said EssayPride and Prejudice is a novel of love and wedding and how people have prejudices nearly love. Pride is involved as it blurs the minding of true love. Jane Austen displays this as she was part of edict and she had first-hand experience of this. In Tea in the Wendy House and He verbalize, there is an visible change in the role of society and attitudes to love and matrimony. This is because of the different times each novel was written. Jane Austen does non make the subject of pairing favourable, as she neer writes about a completely euphoric marriage. For example Mr and Mrs bennets relationship, this is non an example of a good marriage as Mr Bennet is always taunting Mrs Bennet. Or you may send them by themselves, lead be better, for you are as hand approximately of any of them. Here Mr Bennet is ridiculing Mrs Bennet by saying she should go and visit Mr Darcy as she may end up marrying him, as she is just as beautiful. This was one of Austens intentions to show that the society she lived in was superficial. An other example of a worst marriage is of Charlotte Lucas and Mr Collins. Charlotte is only marrying Mr Collins, as it is her last resort because she is seen as a spinster at the age of 27. Usually girls are married off at new-made ages, as it is their only ambition. This is shown in Pride and Prejudice, that in Tea in the Wendy House, even though Lyn has an opportunity of marriage she is not happy.She feels pressured into marrying Graham and doesnt have the chance to vent her true feelings properly. She feels she is also trap Graham into marrying her and becoming a capture. I didnt say any intimacy, because Graham was so enthusiastic. She is worried about other peoples feelings and hers nevertheless does not get the chance to show them. Whereas in He Said there is no chance of Bev getting married to Errol, as he is overly irresponsible. This is an example o f the way society has changed drastically. In Pride and Prejudice it was expected for girls to get married straight away and the most important thing in their life. In Tea in the Wendy House there was some expectation but not as much. In He Said society has changed so much that Errol does not think he needs to propose to Bev, even though she is pregnant. This also shows the attitudes to sex forward marriage.As Austen shows more bad marriages than good, there were a few happy marriages, as they contain an equality of causa traits mingled with the couple. Elizabeth was too prejudiced to realise her true feelings and Mr Darcy was too proud. Even though she does in the long run realise Darcys good qualities. She began to hide that he was exactly the composition, in disposition and talents, would suit her. This is the antagonist in He Said, as Bev finally realises that she is stronger than Errol, and how she can bed without him. I dont care if I never see him again. In Jane Aust ens novels the valuable marriage is usually because of chance. If Elizabeth did not read Darcys letter and witness the elopement of Lydia and Wickham, she would have realised how much she values him.This is the opposite in Tea and the Wendy House as Graham and Lyn had get alongn each other since their teens and so had got to know each other better. I was fourteen and Graham was fifteen. As Errol and Bevs relationship in He Said is just based on sex and so there was no previous acknowledgement of character traits. Intervention played its part in the prevention of Darcy and Elizabeth getting married. Elizabeths prejudices intervene and prevent the marriage at first. This does not happen to the main character of Tea in the Wendy House but there is some intervention from Lyns parents.In Pride and Prejudice Elizabeths mum is always pushing her to get the best man she can. She is very(prenominal) bossy and likes to get what she wants. In Tea and the Wendy House it is also Lyns mother th at has an intervening reputation as she is making the wedding dress. She was busy, giving final touches to the dress. thither is a difference in He Said, as her parents do not intervene. Although her father does not want to get involved with her situation, he feels no way in abandoning her when she needs them most. As her father is a minister of a church, he has stiff religious beliefs but as he does not want to help he comes across as a bully. If that harlot crosses my doorstep, I will strike her down. Then he had gone to church. This contradicts his religious views. condition is another problem in the prevention of the marriage of Darcy and Elizabeth. Elizabeths astonishment was beyond expression. She stared coloured doubted and was silent. This he considered ample encouragement. Darcy thought that Elizabeth would have said yes when he first proposed, as she may never get a better offer as that one as he is much higher in post than she was. Darcy has a lot more money than the Bennets. In this time it was seen as better if you could marry a man with a large house and very good income. This was so he could provide for his wife when she had children but also to show-off to others. In He Said money is still important to Bev as she is by herself without a save, so she has to fend for herself. She is struggling and in a poor job. She has not got the financial support from her parents like Lyn in Tea in the Wendy House. Bevs prospects are limited because of lack of money and there is a slight suggestion that this will not change much. There is a similarity betwixt pride and prejudice and Tea in the Wendy House.This is because Lyn and Elizabeth both have some financial support from their parents, although it was not the most important thing in Tea in the Wendy House. Lyns mother puts it across as a bonus to the marriage, but having a good job is quite important. And hes got a job, and course theres the house. You really enamored gold there. Mr Collins also demonstrates the status prevention, as he expects her to say yes but it comes across as quite pompous. I am to inherit this estate after the death of your father. He is openly stating that he will own Elizabeths house, as if it was nothing. In the actual suggestion of Mr Collins to Elizabeth it was quite conventional as he asked permission, which was expected in those times. This differs in the proposal of Graham to Lyn. He seemed embarrassed, it was not very semi-formal but still had the decency to propose. I told you it was corny, but will you, will you marry me? There is no proposal in He Said. Errol obviously does not believe he needs to propose not formal or gentleman-like.Judgement plays quite a big part of pride and prejudice, as it was a very judgmental society. People are always be judged. Elizabeth prides herself on good understanding of what people are like generally. The extravagance and general profligacy which he scripted exceedingly surprise her. This shows ho w she was wrong about Mr Wickham and Darcy made her realise this in the letter he wrote to her after he proposed. Good judgement is organism to see past deception, pride arrogance and hypocrisy. She tried to recollect some instance of goodness, some marvellous trait of integrity. This shows Elizabeth frantically trying to have some recollection that Mr Wickham was not deceptive and devious. Like Mr Darcy explained in the letter. This is a bad judgement that Elizabeth has made, just like the bad judgement of Errol by Bev. She thought he was going to stand by her throughout the pregnancy, but he does not.I dont want anything to come between usnow he would not speak to her. This shows how shallow and unreliable Errol is. Although she knows Errol is not going to face up to his consequences, it does not stop her from fantasizing about the way she would like things to be between her and Errol. Imagining Errol holding her tightly, perhaps his voice rupture with emotion. Elizabeths first meeting with Mr Wickham compared to her first meeting with Mr Darcy it was not surprised she preferred Mr Wickham. This made her very shocked at the proposal from Mr Darcy. This pitfall almost brings Elizabeth to lose her future husband, although she does come to terms with her mistakes and corrects them. How despicably I have acted, I who have prided myself on my discernment and gratified my vanity, pleased with the preference of one and anger by the neglect of another.This reveals that Elizabeth has recognised her mistakes and how she has treated both men. Darcy has also overcome his arrogance and pride. Austen believes that a happy marriage is built on good judgement and so introduces a genuine perception. So they see each other for who they really are. Tea in the Wendy House, Lyns perception of Graham was not clear, she was not creation clear about her feelings. The writer used the Wendy House as symbolism to show that however correct something seems, it may not make you happ y. Although at the end with the last Wendy House reference, you are left enquire if Lyn will ever be happy, but also there is no mention of Graham being with her, in this ideal world. The bright blue walls seem to be closing in around her, the jacket crown is coming nearer and nearer.She is a mummy. It doesnt matter that she cant get out. It is making her conform to the stereotypes of typical women. Bev in He Said has made a journey of self-knowledge, from hating Errol for not standing by her to realising she can cope without him, and go along with the pregnancy by herself. From the pressures of society, the doctor telling her it would be best to get an abortion, her father throwing her out, living in a gritty flat and working in a dead end job. Bev has made a miraculous journey from where she was, to feeling confident of having the baby by herself. Elizabeth goes against her time by refusing two marriage proposals, and marrying for true love.In her society a sexual relationship out front marriage was seen as unacceptable and shame would be brought onto the family. This is a contrast between our time and Jane Austens time. Lyn is pregnant before she is getting married, this is also the case in He Said apart from Bev is not getting married, and so has to cope on her own. This indicates the age and time Elizabeth lived in. Wickham was this type of person who would deceive women into thinking he loves them but then leaves them. This is what he did with Lydia Bennet. This was not the first he tried he also tried with Darcys young sister. He gambles and lives loosely and does not give a min thought to his sexual immoralities. Sex before marriage is seen as the main corrupt. Wickhams character is similar to that of Errol. He does not give a second thought to the consequences of his action. With the faint smell of urine around her realising that probably some man had walked away from relieving himself without a backward thought about the results. Just like Errol . Lydias relationship with Wickham has effected her reputation because of the elopement. Wickhams love for Lydia is not true. This is the opposite with Lyn and Grahams relationship. Graham is truly in love with Lyn, but it is Lyn that has the insecurities and does not feel true love. There is no one in the Wendy house except Lyn. Mandy isnt there. Graham isnt there. This shows how maybe in the end she will be by herself without no one. In Elizabeths time courtship between two people would not have lasted quite long, so Wickham and Lydia were not truly in love, it was most probably infatuation. His belief that Wickham never intended to go there or to marry Lydia at all.Jane Austen was a person in this society and time, which believed marriage, was the most important thing for a young girl. This would lead to prejudices about how much money did the husband have and of what status was he. Jane Austen shows through pride and prejudice that she would not have married because it was conv enient but because of love much like Elizabeth. Society has changed, as evident in He said. From wanting marriage as an ambition, to Errol not needing to propose, it does not mean the society has got any better. Society and other peoples thoughts all present to prevention of some marriages, even nowadays.

Araling Panlipunan Essay Example for Free

Araling Panlipunan Essay1.How does the Bible view the family?Just like how god created people in his own image and likeness, He also wants us to have a family that is analogous to the holy family. The bible says that each member of the family has a role. The father, as the head of the family, should house strong for his family. The arrive on the other hand, acts as the guide. Not only has God asked them to imitate the holy family to provide befitting parentage, tho He has also placed big responsibilities upon their shoulders. The childrens role is to do their best to paying attention their parents for it is stated in the fourth commandant to Honor thy father and thy mother.2.Give 5 examples of factors that attack the family. Explain.a.Disparity of religion Parents of the children may have different religions and this may tinct their faith and their worshipping. They will have a line raising their children in one belief. b.Cultural differences The traditions may affect the family be author one person might be doing something verboten of tradition that is not proper for the others culture. c.Instability of marriage The instability of the marriage of parents can affect the family greatly, be make out from this, the family might result to becoming a broken family. d.Domestic abuse Abusing a member of the family may cause them to have strained familial relationship. It will be hard to trust one another after(prenominal) the abuse, and trust is very important because its one of the foundations of a strong relationship. e.Infidelity Parents fight over little things, but infidelity is a different story. This may cause not only problems within the family but outside things may also be affected, like the studies of the children and the emotional, mental and physical health of each family member.3.What is the stand of the church against RH Bill?The church is against the RH Bill because they see it as an anti-life bill. They believe that overpopulatio n, which the presidency says is the main cause of poverty, is not the real reason but corruption.4.What is your stand against the RH Bill?I believe that the RH Bill must be imposed. I dont think that the RH Bill promotes anti-life. It is merely for harborion of the population growth. Population growth may not be the cause of poverty but it is surely killing the Philippines. Our country, especially in Metro Manila, cannot hold more people. If the RH Bill is rejected, the Filipinos, being innovative, will try and find ways to look for alternatives for contraception. They might also climb up illegally producing contraception which will earn Filipinos more criminals which is the last thing the society needs redress now.5.How does the state protect the family?The state does not promote divorce in the country. It is illegal for couples to separate yet for some circumstances which can be considered. The state also does not approve of abortion. This can besides many lives. The state a lso has programs which are against child abuse, sexual harassment and other things that help protect the right of a human being. With these, we can trust that the relationship of every Filipino family is safer.

Improve the World Essay Example for Free

Improve the World EssayWe all want to make the world a better place, but few of us go beyond this abstract idea to planning for change. wish any goal, it takes thought and determination. You may wonder if you can change the world like the great leadership in history. Remember that these people started bug out with dreams, just like you, and worked through insecurities, fear and doubt. Although we do go bad in a world of reformations as economies develop, trade flourishes and as astounding technological advances are make but our world is still far from being absolute. No matter how domainy advances are do in technologies the world will still need some enhance handsts. Some recent researches have founded out that the more time rolls by the more this world is getting polluted. A social crisis of unprecedented proportions that the totally planet of ours faces today is environmental pollution. Technology gave man sufficient laterality over his surroundings provided by our ap parently increasing control over our environment, we have in fact erred and caused the loss of our control over our environment. Due to the global warming and greenhouse gases the world is day by day bit unsafe.We all are living in an insecure environment. Every year thousands of people are killed repayable to the wars and disputes. Developments in these aspects can improve the world and the perishs of the people living in it. If we think of a bureau how to improve the world and make it a better place to start there can be thousands of things we can do as individuals. As we know that pollution is one of the reasons. We can think of a way to terminate it. Every year thousands of people especially children are influenced by the diseases spreaded in the distasteful atmosphere.If we try to reuse, recycle and dispose litter around us the environment can become lots cleaner. As far is the wars are concerned we ourselves are behind all the disarray. Following on the determine of uni ty, faith and discipline the world can be a serene place to live in. The juvenile men can shed his prejudices and baseless notions and eschew war on the realization that all men are brothers. Unless human nature changes, unless there is a change of heart among the leaders of the world as well as the peoples, it is impossible to eliminate the factors that cause war.As far is the development of a mans nature is concernced in order to make this world a peaceful place development plays an important role in the development of manhood. When literacy rate develops the world itself becomes a better place to live in. According to the Greek philosopher Heraclitus change is the essence of life. The world can be made more perfect if change occurs and this change will only occur if the people living in it stay decided and try to achieve their goals in making the mother Earth a better place to live in.

The Company Culture Of Enron Management Essay

The Company Culture Of Enron Management EssayJust as the sight of individuals is determined by personal character, the destiny of an organization is determined by the character of its lead. And when individuals are derailight-emitting diode beca practise of a lack of character, the organization will withal be harmed (Josephson, 1999).The merger of two Houston-based pipeline companies in 1985 led to the creation of Enron. It started as an animation deli very(prenominal) accompany, but the deregulation a few years subsequently helped it change its focus and beseem an energy matchmaker or energy broker. The company started matching the buyers and sellers of energy and utilised creative trading methods to generate profits. So in a short span of time, Enron confederations fortunes changed from on the nose a surviving company and it become a thriving company- a symbol of successful American corporation.1.2 The Company CultureThe deregulation in 1988 led to a dramatic change in the corporation. Enron had become the symbol of dynamism and aggression. The last at Enron was to instigate creativity amongst the employees. It embraced a culture that give backed cleverness. The employees were motivated to seek innovative approach to their work. The limits were pushed for perfor valetce on the individual employee level to sustain the astonishing growth levels that the corporation was experiencing. It was slowly moving towards a culture that prise unchecked ambition. In the pursuit, Enron led a culture which believed in stretching the performance until the limits of ethical conduct were over numerateed. We will also see ahead how the lead at Enron affected a change in the culture of the corporation. If corporate leading encourage rule-breaking and cherish an intimidating, aggressive environment, it is not surprising that the ethical boundaries at Enron eroded a manner to nothing. Schein (1985) has foc exampled on attractions as the critical component of the o rganizations culture because leading can create, reinforce, or change the organizations culture. This applies not the least(prenominal) to an organizations ethical climate (Sims, 2000 Trevinoet al., 2000 Sims and Brinkmann, 2002).According to Schein (1985) in that respect are five primary mechanisms that a leader can use to influence an organizations culture attention, reaction to crises, role clay sculptureling, all toldocation of rewards, and criteria for selection and dismissal. Scheins assumption is that these five criteria reinforce and encourage behavioural and cultural norms within an organization. So to summarise the culture at the company as show in the movie which was influenced by the following factors.Leadership Behaviour (reference?)Espoused values and imaginationsCommunicating the vision for the government through stated strategic long-term objectives in the vision statement/ one-year general confluence statement.Role modelling and attentionThere were multipl e instances of Management-Employee seminars. There were also Enron Gas services root days, where the management would use motivational speech to inspire employees.Reaction to crisisInitially in the nascent stages of the account misdemeanours the management devised behavior to avert crisis with efficient use of Public relation to make the event look insignificant.Programs , structuresCriteria for rewards and personnel decisionEnrons remuneration system rewarded individuals who adopted Enrons aggressive, individualistic culture and were based on short-run profits and financial measures.Symbols , rituals and storiesThe enron management way of celebrating success- organising weekend adventure trips.Jeff Skilling mantra- Do it right, do it now , and do it better1.3 The External EnvironmentEnron had become an energy trading giant in the US mart place and it was expanding in more sectors and international markets. The surprise with the companys growth was not its ingenuity of doing busi ness but the animate at which it was expanding. But with a careful balance of public relation and good CSR skill, Enron had succeeded in development a niche amongst the American corporate houses, the American media and the masses. It was a symbol of corporate excellence teamed with an ambitious zeal to succeed at all cost. Enrons spectacular success was receiving positive reviews from the press and the financial psychoanalyst community which was incremental in adding fuel to the companys competitive culture.So the movie very succinctly describes the leaders at Enron which encouraged a culture that was morally flexible leading to ethical degeneration in the name of ambition.Leadership at EnronThe pillars of Enron were the top management team which always believed in exuberant performance. They were drive in their pursuit of delivering on the bottom-line numbers at all cost. This attitude was percolated to the complete organisational structure at Enron by dividing the company in e ither the high performing employees or the so- called low-performers. The employees who were a part of the upper-crust were hand manyly remunerated. This led to a negatively infected passion amongst the employees to break the performance bench-mark in the organisation to gayly afloat.The reflection of the leadership style in the movie is Indirect leadershipIt is evident from the movie that there was a heavy influence of the top management on the culture of the organisation which cascaded down to all the employees of the company, but indirectly. A form of indirect leadership involves leader influence over the organization culture, which is outlined as the shared beliefs and values of members (Scheinn, 1992- trice Beyer, 1991). Leaders may attempt either to strengthen living cultural beliefs and values or to change them. There are many ways to influence culture, and they may involve direct influences ( parley, a compelling vision or leading by example) or some other forms of indi rect influence, such as changing the organization structure or reward system.Transactional leadershipIt refers to the leadership style wherein the leader exchanges rewards of economic or financial value with the follower. These rewards are based on the bring out that the leader recognises the parameters and the levels of performance which justify reasonably the task and also clarifies the conditions under which the rewards are available for justification. The finale is to enter a mutually beneficial exchange, but not necessarily to develop a countenance relationship. Although a leadership act transpires, it is not one that binds the leader and follower together in a mutual and continuing pursuit of a high purpose.But in the movie it is also seen that leaders were in a constant pursuit to convince their chase about their genuine interest of promoting the offbeat of the stakeholders, which was not the case in reality. Yet they were successful in blinding the stakeholders (employ ees) with their leadership position and skills. So here we see an overlap of transactional as substantially as transformational leadership traits as the leaders at Enron were successful in their motive.Effective transformational leaders may exhibit transactional behaviors, but their leadership style also includes one or more of the following characteristics idealized vision, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized thoughtfulness ( recondite, 1985 Bass Avolio, 1994). These characteristics are assumed to transform followers and motivate them to do more than initially expected. This transformation presumptively occurs through raising the followers awareness of the signicance of designated outcomes, getting followers to transcend their self-interests for the good of the organization, or augmenting followers needs on Maslows (1954) hierarchy of needs (Bass, 1985). Although leaders and followers purposes may begin as carve up but related, they eventual ly become fused into a linkage of power bases that provide support for two members of the relationship.Leadership is about making choices (Kouzes and Posner, 2003). Choice is a binary action that divides options into two dictateds, the desired and the unsought ones, according to a higher principle or value (Rawls, 1999). Mostovicz (2008) posits that the way pack choose is a reflection of their worldview. This discovery can be approached in 2 ways(1) By the need for skill (the Lambda worldview) or(2) By the need for affiliation (the Theta worldview).Both the world views pretend a unique set of characteristics. The Lambda are self- motivated and highly driven to attain individaulistic goals whereas the Theta are more society wel utmoste lie. The Lamba have a narrow prespective towards the society as such whereas the Theta have a much broader view. The unique characteristics of two the worldviews along with leadership approach is as mentioned below.ThetaLambdaMotivation/reasonS ocially orientedPersonally orientedGoalSeeking unity and certaintySeeking challenge and creationBehaviourCommunion positionBenefitBuilding respectLooking for personal freedomLeadership principleAuthenticity = realityAuthenticity =genuinenessInclinationToward choiceToward contrastPerception of truthAs an objectiveAs a set of rulesTransformation of aleaderA leader is born. Qualities are subconsciousA leader is developedconsciouslySo the reflection in the movie about the leadership at Enron is more on the Lambda worldview. The attitude induced by the top management through the company do the organisation develop a Lambda view which led to the massive breakdown of the ethical machinery.The LeaderJeff Skilling- the man with the ideas. He was the kind of a person who had big vision of things. One of his favourite books was the Selfish Gene, which was a description about the human nature world steered only by greed and competition in the service of passing on the genes. He wanted to alt er the way in which Energy was being traded. He succeeded in initiating a market for natural gas wherein it started being traded as stocks. He converted energy into a financial instrument and this led to Enron becoming the largest energy trader in due(p) north America.Kenneth Lay was a visionary and he liked people who shared this attribute. Jeff Skilling fit in the celluloid perfectly. He was aggressive, intelligent and possessed exemplary leadership qualities which was incremental in creating a culture of aggression and incentivised competition in the organisation.Under his leadership the organisation transformed from a small energy market player to the biggest energy trading company in North America with a rapidly expanding globose operations network. The company was being driven by the aggressive and individualistic attitude which was strongly inherent in the system by Jeff Skilling and the policies of the management team for attaining short term profit. These were successf ul in achieving the results in hindsight but were seriously damaging the ethical balance in the system.According to the Big Five model (Hogan, Curphy Hogan, 1994, Page 61), Jeff Skilling exhibited the Surgency personality type which had specific traits of Extroversion, High Energy/activity level and a make for power.Charisma was the most important aspect of his personality. He believed in gaining power and self glorification, caring very little for his followers, the ideals or values. This is usually seen in the case of negative charismatics. He used his charisma, to influence people in a way which made them awe-stricken, wanted his acceptance and hence they could not criticise him or his actions. This not just has an influence on the followers, but has an effect on the leader as well. The leader in such cases become not only over-confident but also delusional of their infallibility. To describe march on we utilise the following table to understand the charismatic leadership and its effect on the organisation.The leader has good and absolute authority.Leaders build their eminence and maintain their grip on their followers throught a well-articulated ,emotive communication of their vision.The leader cultivates a compelling and captivating self imageImmense faith invested in the leaderHeavy emphasis on the charismatic attributes of leadership.The CEO had immense and unchallenged authority.Events such as the annual management conference, where leaders promoted themselves in a thearitical manner.Intense faith exhibited by emploess in Lay and Skilling and a declining confidence in the quality of their perceptionsCharismatic LeadershipA totalistic vision, leading to a higher good sense of purpose and achievement.Employees assured they were transforming how business was conducted in the world.An intense transcendent ideology.A high story of personal commitment by followers, to the goals of their leaders.The replacement of the followers existing belief system wi th a sense of being involved in a meaningful or revolutionary change.A compelling vision and intellectual stimulationIntense recruitement rituals, designed to engage employees in a operate of affliation.The transformation of attitudes, behaviour. unending messages that those hired were part of a special elite and were the brightest and the best in the worldIndoctrination rituals that alternate amongst stressful and exhilarating.A process of conversion enactedContinuous indoctrination ,to reinforce initials sense of affiliationIndividual considerationPerceived jibers marginalisedFinancial data falsifiedCultivation of obscure jargon, familiar only to people within the organisationPunitive internal regime.Promotion of a Common CulturePunitive internal environment dissent demonisedUnidirectional communicationNegative information suppressed and positive information maximised.Total conformity from followersPower and Influence-Amongst the different types of powers Skilling had both at h is disposal. He made use of his position power due to his position in Enron and also the personal power.In terms of position power it appears that applied the reward power which meant that his followers complied in vow to obtain rewards and also legitimate powers where in the followers complied as they believed that he had the right to make the request due to his position.Also, we could see the use of his personal powers to a enormous extent where in his vast knowledge about the subject enabled his followers to comply. The followers also admired him and aspired to be like him due to his charismatic personality which also gave him the referent power which helped him gain loyalty and commitment.In order to influence his followers in supporting him he did use rational survey to show them the logical side of his argument based on factual evidence. The followers at some time did realise that Skilling was being unethical in his practices and in spite of this realisation still continue to support him. To explain the influence Skilling had on his followers we can make use of the 3 well known experiments-Milgrams experiment, Solomon Aschs conformity and Zimbardo prison experiment. Milgrams experiment tells us how people conform to an authority figure. The agentic state surmisal explains this further by stating that the person comes to view himself as an instrument in carrying out another persons wishes and and then no longer sees himself responsible for his actions.Similarly the other 2 experiments highlight the human behaviour in terms of role conformity and social conformity where in people have a proclivity to come under the pressure of social acceptability and conforming to everything they feel they need to in order to be a part of the group.Leader-Member ExchangeEnron was a company of believers. In a survey in 1997, employees who were surveyed for a feedback faced tremendous faith in the leadership of Kenneth Lay and Jeff Skilling. It has been discussed in this analysis that the company had an indirect leadership style, whereby influence of the top management percolated to all the employees in the company through the use of multiple communication strategies (Enron Gas services day) when the top management discussed the future strategy of the company, the importance of employee contribution, commending magnificent employee performance etc. So the employees became blind believers in the methodology adopted by the leadership at the organisation and started working with the win at all cost attitude which led to the slow eroding of the ethical fabric. Also the reward system that was created in the organisation, reflected the expectation of the management. The companies reward system only appraised employees who performed consistently with little regard to ethical conduct. Overall,Enrons reward system rewarded individuals who embraced Enrons aggressive, individualisticculture and were based on short-term profits and financial measures.Lea dership development at EnronLeadership calls for total commitment to the perpetual process of purpose seeking.While leaders are usually concerned with their legacies, their commitment to purposehas to go far deeper. This total commitment implies that, in reality, leaders seekeither my way or nothing. However, this commitment is subjective it calls for theleader to diffuse himself, body and soul, but in no way does it imply extrinsically that what is not my way is wrong.Ideal leaders do not exist in practice. Thus, we can relate to leadership as a progressive development only. Since humans cannot be fully conscious of our emotions, a posteriori, we cannot fully mobilise them in order to understand and attain our life goals and purpose. Because our purpose remains opaque at best, it follows that leaders will act unethically even when they do so unwillingly or unconsciously. The only way for leaders to improve their ethical position is to interact with others in society to help them reveal their unfathomed agenda over time. The particular worldview, in turn, shapes these agendas, either Theta or Lambda, that a person embodies in his calculate for greater self-awareness and contextualisation with his external environment.Appendix