Personal Branding free essay sample

The Internet is a tool that allows any user to command his future with the click of a mouse. It has made possible connections and interconnections that grow into a wonderful web community. The Internet has revolutionized career development for personal empowerment, self-management and networking. It allows us to discover, create, communicate and maintain out personal brand for our future. The Web gives us the opportunity to promote â€Å"our brand† for ourselves by joining a social network and using our page as a billboard to advertise our talents and goals.Developing a personal brand makes us a more valuable asset, whether to the company we work for, a potential employer, or your own enterprise. This paper discusses the development and deployment of â€Å"personal branding† through appropriate social media platforms such as LinkedIn, Facebook and Twitter. It gives and insight on strategies for using social media for career advantage, privacy issues and its future outlook. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Branding or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page From the job seeker side, traditional resumes don’t differentiate our brands because they don’t capitalize on our personalities and our industry voice (Musgrave, 2007).Now, instead of just having a resume, we will all have to communicate online, share our knowledge, and make new connections— just about every day. When all resumes start looking almost identical to employers, our creative ideas and networks make us stand out. Employers will know if we care enough about our industry by performing Google searches on our name and reviewing our commentary on social networks (Schawbel, 2011). The traditional resume will evolve, encompassing more social media. LinkedIn 1. Built for users to make professional contacts 2.Since its creation, it has been geared toward the professional business crowd and has more than 60 million members to date 3. Each user profile can be personalised to feature recommendations from colleagues, a self-portrait, relevant links and special interest groups. 4. Has a resume, cover letter, and reference document together. You can summarise your qualifications, goals and interests and gather electronic endorsements from your managers. 5. Job search can be conducted which gives a potential bridge to a new job opportunity. 6. Acts as a virtual resume and venue for expressing your brandFacebook 1. Simple and effective social networking tool and very little clutter and the ability to post photos from social events 2. Allows users to develop their own applications while enabling customised widgets and links to personal blogs 3. Facebook is currently the dominant social network, giving you free access to a variety of events, groups and profile pages around the world 4. Besides keeping in touch with friends, it now acts as an open business platform, allowing users to share their professional lives together. Twitter 1. Great for networking because you can use @ and # symbols.This is good for notifying your network of changes in life or updates on what you are currently doing 2. Broadcasting on current activities can be done via mobile phones up to 140 characters per message 3. People can start following you vice versa without having to accept a friend request The process of self-branding is a little different on the Internet and Web than it is in the more traditional media. The Web does not present a ‘royal road’ to easy advertising success (Armstrong, 1997). The medium however, does have many interesting features that can be used to build a successful personal branding profile.Personal branding is about telling the public something about your ‘product’. Social networking tools can reveal an applicant’s experience, marketable talents, interpersonal skills and personality. The following part of the paper discusses why LinkedIn and Facebook are selected as the most suitable platforms for publishing a job seeker profile, for a career advantage. Why LinkedIn This professional network allows you to conduct searchers to find people you’ve met in your career or your personal life such as old classmates, co-workers etc.After profile creation is completed, it allows you to find out who you can connect to so you can expand your network. As such, recommendations can be received and given from clients, co-workers, managers and partners. These can act as firsthand endorsements of your performance in a current or past job. Furthermore, as long as your audience on Twitter is identical to your LinkedIn profile, you can sync them which allow you to scale your brand. So instead of updating both platforms with your contacts, you can just share all of your contents with the @ and #tag.While some are using the popular site as a job-search locator, some will build their business one contact as a time. Why Facebook Professionals often promote themselves on Facebook because it is home to over 400 million users. The population is even greater than the whole of United States. An example is that political candidates, like President Barack Obama use this platform to win elections. Facebook should be certainly used to a career advantage. Aside from searching for your friends and colleagues, you can retrieve them from your Hotmail, Gmail or Yahoo!Account. While LinkedIn addresses your professional profile, Facebook does caters more to your social interests such as favourite movie, music, idols, jobs, religion and so on. The more information you put up on Facebook, the more someone can learn about you. Why and Why not Twitter When it comes to building a career, Twitter is extremely important because it levels the playing ground. The main difference between Twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn is that people can start following you vice versa without having to accept a friend request.On Twitter you can directly communicate without interference and talk to hiring managers and people whom are genuinely interested in the network with them. On the other hand, you can automatically tweet your blog posts as they are published. This saves time from having to copy each blog headline in order to tweet it manually. However, for building a personal brand, Twitter limits the opportunity to do so as you can only type or text up to 140 characters per message (Meyers Gerstman, 2001).If a job seeker isn’t actively involved in social networks, he will be at a competitive disadvantage. Contributing to several social media platforms is one of the best ways to position a personal brand. It is easier to reach an audience that already exists than to find a new audience. Today the new generation is more willing to give up their personal information on social networking sites. People are now willing to spread their information about themselves, whether personal or professional without fear on these networks.Unfortunately in most cases, their identity gets stolen eventually; they receive spams, viruses and junk mails. This is why employers should be aware of false applicants. As the Internet is a public domain, there are concerns about privacy issues. Schawbel (2001) found that they do provide a privacy area where you can change your privacy settings from your audience. Limited access to a profile should be set to keep unwanted people lurking and stalking your profile. This concerns safely and privacy of personal life. On Facebook, we can block out or delete people who send unwanted or threatening messages that could mentally harm us. This is to promote our profiles in a safe and peaceful manner, in order to have a higher chance in building our professional profiles. Brands represent who we are, from the clothes we wear to the goods we purchase. It is very important that we maintain a good and clean reputation on our social media profiles. In differentiating myself from other potential applicants, an advantage is I personally do not drink or club.Therefore employers who seek to hire employees will not find me in pictures getting drunk or looking sloppy. Unless, they are looking for an employee to works at the bar or a nightclub. Even so when there is an online damage to my reputation for example, bad publicity or blackmails. Comments should be done immediately on the blog, in revealing the truth to that social media’s community. Apart from these, I have leadership qualities, the passion to work, engage with people in a positive manner with enthusiasm.When someone is confident, he gains respect from others and can accomplish his goal. Besides creativity is very important. When is comes to become a successful entrepreneur, you need to be able to come up with new ideas before others do. In using these creative promotional strategies, determination combined with a good level of intellect will deliver positive results. In addition, the external marketing and advertising the self can be referenced in newspapers, TV or magazine advertisements.

Free Essays on Epedemics And Economics

The SARS epidemic has all but paralyzed much of the Asian economy by threatening the health of all traders, buyers, and sellers that come in contact with that part of the world or anyone who has been there. The Asian continent has literally been cut off and quarantined from the rest of the world. This epidemic should prove to be a major headache for every decision-making, top-management official whose company is based in Asia. Li & Fung, one of the worlds largest garment traders, has been around for almost one hundred years and has survived through wars, riots, financial panics, and far worse epidemics than SARS. Due to SARS they are now being forced to rethink the way they do business to soften the financial blow as much as possible. They have moved half of their top-management teams to the U.S. and Europe to continue to conduct business with clients who are too frighten to travel to Asia in fear of coming in contact with the air-borne epidemic. They have also divided their work among several Chinese factories in case one of them has to be shut down. But that’s the thing, Li & Fung are a big enough company to make these strategic moves in order to ride out the storm while thousands of other companies are not and will most likely go under. Trade is the backbone of the Asian economy and it is done on a personal, face to face basis and can’t be done over the phone because it requires one to be able to make judgments and look at the other person’s body language in order to correctly read that person. Many companies are going to have to change the way they do business and make trade if this epidemic drags on for a few more months; otherwise the financial impact will most likely prove to be too much for them and they will be forced to close or file for bankruptcy. This is going to be a challenge for the owners and decision-making managers but lucky for them this is 2003 and they can take advantage of all of the high-tech in... Free Essays on Epedemics And Economics Free Essays on Epedemics And Economics The SARS epidemic has all but paralyzed much of the Asian economy by threatening the health of all traders, buyers, and sellers that come in contact with that part of the world or anyone who has been there. The Asian continent has literally been cut off and quarantined from the rest of the world. This epidemic should prove to be a major headache for every decision-making, top-management official whose company is based in Asia. Li & Fung, one of the worlds largest garment traders, has been around for almost one hundred years and has survived through wars, riots, financial panics, and far worse epidemics than SARS. Due to SARS they are now being forced to rethink the way they do business to soften the financial blow as much as possible. They have moved half of their top-management teams to the U.S. and Europe to continue to conduct business with clients who are too frighten to travel to Asia in fear of coming in contact with the air-borne epidemic. They have also divided their work among several Chinese factories in case one of them has to be shut down. But that’s the thing, Li & Fung are a big enough company to make these strategic moves in order to ride out the storm while thousands of other companies are not and will most likely go under. Trade is the backbone of the Asian economy and it is done on a personal, face to face basis and can’t be done over the phone because it requires one to be able to make judgments and look at the other person’s body language in order to correctly read that person. Many companies are going to have to change the way they do business and make trade if this epidemic drags on for a few more months; otherwise the financial impact will most likely prove to be too much for them and they will be forced to close or file for bankruptcy. This is going to be a challenge for the owners and decision-making managers but lucky for them this is 2003 and they can take advantage of all of the high-tech in...

Compare and Contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 9

Compare and Contrast - Essay Example Dillard’s mother was fluent in English and taught her children many English phrases. The kids learned about the â€Å"Tamiami Trail† from their mother when they visited Florida. Tampa was on one side of the coast and Miami on the other. The road that connected the two was the one named Tamiami Trail. Her mother told them the struggles people had to through to build the trail. The road took fourteen years to be complete. Dillard’s family was speaking the wrong English. Her father had no problem with her English, but her mom was always correcting her by using the wrong words in a sentence (Dillard 354). Dillard’s mother had many jokes and joked on many occasion, from the supermarket cashier to the surgeon doing her surgery to the couple she did not know. Dillard’s mother was an intelligent woman with much energy. She got bored quickly and did not like focusing on a single thing for a long time. Dillard had two other sisters. The children plus their father were worried when their mother had a difficult time figuring out to do things or why certain things are in existence. It is a story told by White about his childhood experiences at the lake with his father. White then takes his son to the lake again after years. Lake Maine was a family vacation site for White’s family. They always visited the lake on summer holidays (White 1). White took his son for the first time to experience the life at the lakeside. White brings the audience down memory lane and ways he grew up going to the lake often. White reflects on how similar he is to his father. The relationship between him and his son is the same as the one he had with his father at the lake. The whole essay is about that fact. The fact that the lake has not changed a little from the time he was a kid until he had his child. His son reminds him of how he was when he went to the lake with his father. Family values are traditional values: values passed from one generation to

Virtual Realities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Virtual Realities - Essay Example NASA's mandate is to address three elements before introducing a new training modality: reduce training costs, improve safety and improve astronaut performance. Any new technique needs to demonstrate superiority in at least one of these parameters. It is important to note that there is a significant 'S-curve' effect in adopting any new methodology: lots of effort going in, then significant payback as the new methodology is adopted and demonstrates greater productivity. One can look at NBS as a 'perfected' technology, one in which a lot more effort will not improve the methodology very much. If, on the other hand, IVR can be shown to be superior at present, the 'S-Curve' effect dictates a greater improvement in the future. NBS has been established since the 1960's to help train astronauts on EVA. There is therefore a substantial record of learning times on specific tasks, which can then be correlated using real spacewalk experience. With over 30 astronauts who have gone through the NBS training, then the actual EVA experience, we therefore have a database to establish four elements: Two elements: cost to train and effectiveness, can be measured on NBS in a fairly straightforward way. Safety, however, can only be subjectively addressed. This is because there have been no significant safety problems that have led to the loss of an astronaut or a hazard that has stopped an entire mission. In this case, a 'score sheet' for NBS would look as follows: On the ground In space Cost per trained astronaut $/astronaut N/A Tasks performed effectively % of tasks performed effectively % of tasks performed effectively Tasks performed safely Subjective rating (1-10) Subjective rating (1-10) By comparing on-the-ground NBS scores with in-space actual scores, we can therefore 'normalize' the NBS effectiveness and safety results to correlate them with in-space EVA results. Each of the tasks judged to be important can be thus scored, and a complete score for all NBS tasks for eventual EVA tasks can be evaluated and scored, as follows, one score sheet each for effectiveness and safety: Effectiveness Score Sheet (example) Ground Space % achieved Weighting 1-10 Activity 1 95% 85% 85/95= 89% 9 Activity 2 99% 98% 98/99=99% 6 . . . By weighting each task in regards to its importance to the mission, NASA can come up with an overall weighted score which allows for establishing the effectiveness of the training, and how much additional improvement can be made per task, and in overall EVA tasks performed. The three ways to use this are: 1. Establish the effectiveness of training using NBS on the eventual results. 2. Create a 'score' which normalizes NBS results for use when looking at IVR, and 3. Establish which areas have the greatest potential for improvement, thereby increasing overall scores. The above scoring approach works for both the safety

English as a national language of America Essay

English as a national language of America - Essay Example Noah Webster is regarded as the founding father of the American English who realized the need for standardization of the language and worth of linguistic identity (Language Translation Inc., 2006). According to surveys, English is considered as the official language in fifty-one countries and in twenty-seven states of America. Statistics show that it is the mother language of 82% of the population and almost 96% can actually speak it fluently, therefore we can conclude that English is in effect the national language of the American people. In spite of this, it is not recognized as the official language at the federal level and the states have adopted miscellaneous policies with some embracing English as the official language, others implementing no official language and still others mirroring the culture of bilingualism. Even 71% of the Hispanics voted in favor of English as the national language since this will escalate their chances of a achieving a first-class education, enhancing their earning capability, ensuing in better career prospects as well as empowerment. Although, there is plenty of desire and determination for migrants to learn English yet 5% of the population still fails to comprehend it so implementing it officially will give a boost to this particular segment of population. A report published in the Monthly Labor Review America affirms that migrants don’t learn English quickly when excessive linguistic welfare is made available to them. As a consequence, immigrants are demoted to lesser rewarding jobs and are hindered in achieving the American dream. United States is composed of people from diverse cultural backgrounds but the federal laws provide no right to non-native speaker to receive foreign-language services or information (King, 1997). Thereby, it can be deduced that knowing English is a prerequisite to become a citizen since it is the de facto national language that binds all American citizens into a nation. It is worth noting th at states which implemented English as the official language have not proscribed the use of a foreign language in case of any public interest issue, for instance: tourism, medical, public safety, imparting foreign languages and other genuine needs. The government can afford to provide such services in the face of a compelling public interest but not as right for every citizen. Presently, more than three hundred languages are spoken in America and non-native speakers constitute around 5% of the total population (Maschi, 2012). Consequently, a redundant stratum of bureaucracy and costs will be inevitable if the right to receive services in various foreign languages is granted. Ultimately this burden would have to be borne by taxpayers. Although, many perceive learning English as racism but the argument does not hold weight since discrimination is based upon inherent characteristics like religion, color, race which are unalterable. On the other hand, every individual has the choice of learning English to communicate and blend in the American culture. But, advocating that learning English is extremely difficult for a specific race is biased. An official language does not inhibit free speech but only serves as a pre-condition of intellectual capacity for civic involvement. Similarly, educational system would profit from statutory encouragement to promote competency in English and discouraging linguistic preferences which would enable the students to make a successful ingress into the social and political system (Pullum, 1987). None of the

Advanced decisions in end of life planning

Advanced decisions in end of life planning The advanced care planning (ACP)process is concerned with ensuring the patient has expressed their wishes should their condition deteriorate, leaving them without mental capacity or unable to communicate their decision.(REF LCP)Part of this process is allowing the patient to create advanced decisions with regards to refusing treatment (Joseph, 2010). As end of life planning is such a vast topic this essay will critically evaluate the key principles of advanced decisions with regards to Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR). CPR is an issue in many health care settings including hospitals, primary care, day hospitals and nursing homes. The ethical debate and the associated problems with advanced decisions are becoming ever more apparent due to the ever increasing number of elderly people in nursing and residential homes. (DH, 2000, 2010). Previous evidence based research has looked at helping elderly people and their families with decision making in end of life planning (references) as well as Patients requesting Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) orders against the advice of others (REF). There appears to be a gap in the literature concerning the complexity of the tensions associated between the nurse, the rights of the patient and family (or independent advocate) when the patient has specifically requested resuscitation in the event of a cardiac arrest against the advice of the multidisciplinary team. This reflection is based on an issue experienced within my practice and can cause many ethical and moral debates for the nursing staff. The knowledge gained from this reflection will inform my future practice on how patients rights are supported or challenged and the subsequent roles of the nurse. Gibbs (1988) developed his model of reflection in order to reflect on events, critically evaluate fundamental concepts and influence future practice. The first element of this model is based on experience and a description of events. Mr Smith is an elderly gentleman in his late 80s currently living in a nursing home. He has one daughter and a son in law who he is close to and his wife and son passed away a few years ago. Mr Smiths health has been deteriorating over a period of time and the staff nurses and his daughter want to begin the advanced care planning process. For the purpose of this reflection, names and personal data has been changed in line with the NMCs (2008) policy on confidentiality. It is often difficult to establish when a person is reaching the final stages of life (Ellershaw Wilkinson, 2003), however factors have been identified in the Liverpool Care Pathway in order to allow patients to be assessed, including reduced performance status (Karnovsky, 1949); increased dependence in activities of daily living (Barthel, 1965); weight loss and overall physical decline (McNicholl, 2006). Mr Smith had lost a significant amount of weight over the previous 6 months, was requiring more help with various tasks, including personal hygiene and often required the use of a wheelchair as he was becoming more unstable on his feet. It was due to this that it was felt the ACP process was necessary. Effective nursing practice relies upon the ability to develop therapeutic relationships with the patient and family (Peplau, 1952). The qualities of the relationship include good listening skills, a build up of trust and empathy ( Watt-Watson, Garfinkel, Gallop, Stevens, 2002). It is important for relatives to be included in discussions concerning end of life planning as it allows everyone involved to understand and come to terms with the decision (McDermott 2002). A meeting was arranged with Mr smith and his daughter (after consent was gained) to disuss his care wishes in the event of his condition deteriorating. Mr Smith understood that his condition was getting worse but was adamant that he wanted every effort to keep him alive. Therefore, if he went under cardiac arrest Mr Smith would wish the nurse to commence CPR. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitiation (CPR) is a complicated ethical decision comprising of many legal, ethical and emotional decisions for that of the nurse, patient and family (Jeven, 1999). The principle role of the nurse is to assist the patient in restoring or maintaining the best level of health possible (NMC, 2004). Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a procedure that aims to prolong the life of an individual who goes under a cardiac arrest by attempting to restore breathing and increase oxygenated blood flow to the brain and heart. The decision to carry out this procedure should be based on any potential risks or benefits to the patient and should not be carried out with no regard to the quality or life expectancy of the patient (BMA, Royal College of Nursing the Resuscitation Council, 2007). These discussions led to a divide in attitudes as it was felt by the majority that a do not resuscitate (DNR) order would be the most sensible and realistic option. A DNR order is often implemented when a person is extremely ill and death is imminent (British Medical Association, 2007). Furthermore, if the patient has other chronic illnesses, which will reduce the quality or length of life, CPR has the potential to prolong suffering and do more harm than good and so would not be deemed beneficial (BMA, Royal College of Nursing the Resuscitation Council, 2007). However, Mr Smith did not agree with this and felt angry and confused as to why his family would suggest that a DNR would be appropriate. He was willing to accept the associated risks of CPR and maintained that his age should not prevent him being entitled to treatment. This statement is supported by equal rights for the elderly, in which people cannot be denied CPR just because of age (DH, 2001). This decision appeared somewhat irrational as he had stated for some time that it was his time to go and he was fed up of suffering and his mental capacity was called into question. The Mental Capacity Act (2005) states that an advanced decision (formerly known as an advanced directive) gives a person over the age of 18, who is deemed to have mental capacity, the ability to consent to or refuse a specific treatment if they become in a position where they lack capacity or are unable to state their decision. A person is considered to have capacity if they are able to understand and retain information in order to make an informed decision; be able to understand the consequences of any interventions and be able to communicate their decision (GMC, 2008). Current English law states that individuals are presumed to have mental capacity unless it can be proven otherwise and this does not take away the allowance for seemingly irrational and risky decisions to be made (NMC, 2004, BMA 2009, DOH, 2001, MCA, 2005) Mr Smith was deemed to have full mental capacity as he fulfilled the criteria outlined by the MCA (2005) and a second opinion doctor was also called to ensure that this was the case. If the patient lacked capacity to make their own decisions, nursing staff must act in line with the patients best wishes (Dimond, 2006). In such circumstances members of the multidisciplinary team must be able to provide clear justification (Hutchinson, 2005). Had it been the case that Mr Smith lacked capacity it would have been reasonable for the nurse to justify not performing CPR, however, failure to comply with his wishes could potentially lead to legal and professional consequences as the NMC (2004) states that patients autonomy must be respected even where this may result in harm. However, the ACP is not legally binding as clinical judgement takes priority (REF LCP). This can put the nurse into a moral dilemma because following professional and legal responsibilities would deny the patient their rights. Beauchamp and Childress (1994) devised an ethical framework based on 4 moral principles to provide guidance on the conflict between the role of the nurse and the rights of the patient. Beneficence, suggests that any decision to be made must be in the best interests of the specific patient as well as weighing up potential benefit and risks (Beauchamp Childress, 2008). In this case it could be suggested that the risks far outweigh any potential benefits and to do CPR would not be the greater good but this would affect the principle of autonomy. Autonomy is the patients right to accept or refuse any medical treatment. It follows deontological theories (Mill, 1982) which deem an action to be right, if it accords with a moral duty or code, regardless of the outcome (Noble-Adams 1999). This approach would justify the nurse performing CPR because they would be following their legal and professional code of conduct in that a patients wishes must be respected and carried out (NMC, 2008). How ever going against the patients wishes could also be deemed as morally right as part of the nurses role is to allow the patient to die with dignity (King,1996). Howver, this could be suggested as following the traditional notion of paternalism, which is not compatible with modern day ethics (Rumbold, 1999). All of these issues cause a moral dilemma for the nurse and impact upon the patients rights as it has been suggested that CPR can deny a patients right to die with dignity by prolonging the dying process (McDermott 2002) and so could be suggested that the greatest good in the situation would be achieved by not performing CPR. The principle of non-maleficence is based on doing no harm (Edwards, 1996). Many people have unrealistic expectations of the success rates of CPR due to media representations (Dean 2001). Patients who survive cardiac arrests following resuscitation is as low as 20% and not all of these inidivudals get to the position of being well enough to be discharged from hospital (Cardozo, 2005). These rates of success are reduced even further when patients have underlying problems and poor health (Schultz 1997). However, it could be argued that the ultimate harm would be to do nothing resulting in death which would also be against Mr smiths wishes. The fact that Mr smith was already considered emaciated and having deteriorating health increases the risk of physical damage during chest compressions but as Mr Smith had already written an advanced directive stating he wished to receive CPR then this should be carried out (Pennels, 2001). This puts the nurse in a serious dilemma as patients and the ir families taking legal action is becoming increasingly common (Oxtoby, 2005) and the nurse is bound by the legalities of their professional code, which would claim that failing to carry out CPR would be considered negligent (Jevon, 1999) and as nurses are professionally accountable for their actions this could put their career in jepoardy(NMC, 2004). The final ethical principle of Justice is concerned with fairness and equality maintaining that every individual has the right to life (Human Rights Act, 1998) and therefore, the patient has a right for the nurse to carry out CPR (even if they have not previously stated this) especially if they have an advanced descision stating that they wish to be resuscitated in the event of cardiac arrest. (Costello, 2002). After all this has been taken into consideration, the rights of the patient, including those who have an advanced decision can still be overruled as before the decision can be applied there must be reasonable evidence to suggest that the decision is still valid and applicable (BMA, 2007). Mr Smith appeared not to be acting in line with his advanced decisions as he was refusing to eat or drink and appeared withdrawn in his personality, not wanting to participate in his activities of living (Roper, Logan and Tierney, 2000). It has been suggested that many health care professionals do not discuss goals of care as they have inadequate communication skills or that there is often conflicting ideas between the patient and professional about what is in their best interests (Haidet et al, 1998) As this has often found to be the case, one of the registered nurses decided to have a further chat with Mr Smith as it was felt that his needs were not being appropriately addressed. It transpired that Mr Smith did wish to die a peaceful death but was scared of what might happen and if he said he did not wish to be resuscitated then he could be left suffering alone in great pain in his last few minutes. The Liverpool Care Pathway suggests that the role of the nurse in the last few days of life shifts to a holistic approach of care to promote comfort and moves away from the idea of active care which includes any invasive or unnecessary procedures that could be avoided (REFERENCE). The Gold Standards Framework provides an holistic assessment plan to aid communication between the nurse and the patient, including how physical, emotional, social, spiritual and communicational needs came be met (Thomas, 2009) The nurse stated that medications can be arranged for end of life care to alleviate any pain and suffering. Discuss syringe drivers, end of life medication and controversy During the final stages of life a natural physiological process causes the swallowing reflex not to work and so the use of oral medication is limited (Thorns Gerrard, 2003). A common palliative care practice is to use a syringe driver to administer drugs (ODoherty et al, 2001), which allows comfortable parenteral treatment of pain, nausea and breathlessness (GrassbyHutchings, 1997). In most circumstances this form of medication administration comes without controversy (Woods, 2004), however, the double effect of sedatives and opiates will reduce anxiety and pain but have also been claimed to supress respiratory function, which has the potential to speed up the dying process (BNF, 2007). The most important aspect of this double effect is that it is permissible so long as death is not intended and is occurs as a byproduct of an intention carried out for the patients best interests (Fohr, 1998). Furthermore, it has been stated that there is a lack of empirical evidence to support this claim (Kaldjian et al, 2004) and research has suggested that repiratory depression does not occur with patients receiving opiods for pain in end of life treatment (Walsh, 1982). The role of the nurse is, therefore to allow the patient to die peacefully. However, health professionals are accountable for their actions and must be able to provide justifications if any problems arise (Dimond, 2004) An assessment using the Abbey pain scale(INCLUDE MORE DETAILS) was carried out to analyse levels of pain experienced by Mr Smith and the appropriate drugs were administered via the syringe driver. Mr Smith continued to deteriorate and died peacefully with his favourite classical music on, his daughter holding his hand and a picture of his wife by his bed. She also clarified that the advanced decision he would have made was only concerned with CPR and did not have to decline all treatment just because he declined one. The nurse asked him if it was clear the end was near what the staff and his family could do to help his transition into death. Mr Smith stated he did not want to be alone and wished to have his family with him to reassure him and comfort him in his last moments. The point of this discussion was not to overrule Mr Smiths advanced decision but to confirm its applicability and validity to his current circumstances. Details of these discussions were recorded in his care plan records in line with relevant policies (REFERENCE) WHAT WAS GOOD/ BAD ABOUT EXPERIENCE? GOOD THAT IT WAS REALISED BEFORE IT WAS TOO LATE BAD COMMUNICATION Analysis what sense can you make of the situation On reflection of the situation the complexities of the tensions between the rights of the patient and the role of the nurse become alarmingly apparent. Nurses are expected to use evidence based knowledge to inform their practice centred on the NMC professional code of conduct. This practice can often involve moral dilemmas on life and death matters for which the nurse can be held professionally accountable. The nurses role is ever more challenging when the patient is entitled to make their own decisions, often deemed unwise or not in their best interests. This reflection informs my practice as it highlights the importance of not only allowing the patient to make an informed decision based on knowledge and evidence but also to explore their feelings behind the decision to be made. In this case it wasnt that Mr Smith wanted CPR in the event of a cardiac arrest because he felt like it was the best option and would extend his life or the quality of it but because he was scared of dying a nd unsure of what would happen. As the nurse discussed his fears and anxieties and suggested ways in which these could be dealt with Mr Smith agreed that a DNR order would be the most effective way to ensure a peaceful and dignified death without prolonging any pain or suffering for him or his family. This experience has taught me that each situation is unique and there can never be any absolute right or wrong in nursing. Patients well-being depends on many factors including anxiety or unmet physical or emotional needs (Dewing, 2002). Communication with patients, their relatives or an advocate is of utmost importance when identifying individual needs as well as understanding the rationale behind decision making. Furthermore, communication between the multidisplinary team is imperative in order to promote best practice (Bridges and Wilkinson, 2011). The insight I have gained from this experience will inform my future practice to understand the feelings and attitudes behind the patients actions and behaviours. Conclusion what else could you have done Action plan, if it rose again what would you do Discussion General Medical Council. (2008). patient and doctor making decisions together. Available: http://www.gmc-uk.org/static/documents/content/Consent_0510.pdf. Last accessed 23 April 2011. Abbey Pain Scale Abbey, J; De Bellis, A; Piller, N; Esterman, A; Giles, L; Parker, D and Lowcay, B. Funded by the JH JD Gunn Medical Research Foundation 1998-2002. 10. Bedell SE, Pelle D, Maher PL, et al. Do-not-resuscitate orders for critically ill patients in the hospital. How are they used and what is their impact? JAMA 1986; 256: 233-237. 13. Haidet P, Hamel MB, Davis RB, et al. Outcomes, preferences for resuscitation and physicianpatient communication among patients with metastatic colon cancer. SUPPORT Investigators. Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatments. Am J Med 1998; 105: 222-229. 19. Deep KS, Grif?th CH, Wilson JF. Discussing preferences for cardiopulmonary resuscitation: what do resident physicians and their hospitalized patients think was decided? Patient Educ Couns 2008; 72: 20-25. Gallagher A, Wainwright P (2007) Terminal sedation: promoting ethical nursing practice. Nursing Standard. 21, 34, 42-46. Date of acceptance: January 4 2007. Fohr SA (1998) The double effect of pain medication: separating myth from reality. Journal of Palliative Medicine. 1, 4, 315-328 British National Formulary (2007) British National Formulary No. 53. British Medical Association and the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, London. Dimond B (2004) Legal Aspects of Nursing. Fourth edition. Longman, Harlow. Woods S (2004) Terminal sedation: a nursing perspective. In Tà ¤nnsjà µ T (Ed) Terminal Sedation: Euthanasia in Disguise? Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 43-56. Kaldjian LC, Jekel JF, Bernene JL, Rosenthal GE, Vaughan-Sarrazin M, Duffy TP (2004) Internists attitudes towards terminal sedation in end of life care. Journal of Medical Ethics. 30, 5, 499-503. Bridges j, Wilkinson C (2011) achieving dignity for older people with dementia in hospital. Nursing Standard. 25, 29, 42-47. January 11 2011. Tschudin, Verena (2003). Ethics in Nursing: the caring relationship (3rd ed.). Edinburgh: Butterworth-Heinemann Rumbold, G (1999). Ethics in Nursing Practice. Balliere Tindall. ISBN  0-7020-2312-4. Baskett P, Steen P, Bossaert L (2006) The ethics of resuscitation and end of life decisions. In Baskett P, Nolan J (Eds) A Pocket Book of the European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2005. Mosby Elsevier, Edinburgh, 194-210. Beauchamp T, Childress J (2001) Principles of Biomedical Ethics. Fifth edition. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Biegler P (2003) Should patient consent be required to write a do not resuscitate order? Journal of Medical Ethics. 29, 6, 359-363. Cardozo M (2005) What is a good death? Issues to examine in critical care. British Journal of Nursing. 14, 20, 1056-1060. Costello J (2002) Do not resuscitate orders and older people: findings from an ethnographic study of hospital wards for older people. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 39, 5, 491-499. Dean J (2001) The resuscitation status of a patient: a constant dilemma. British Journal of Nursing. 10, 8, 537-543. Department of Health (2001a) Consent: What you have a Right to Expect. A Guide for Adults. The Stationery Office, London. Department of Health (2001b) Seeking Consent: Working with Older People. The Stationery Office, London. Department of Health (2001c) The Expert Patient: A New Approach to Chronic Disease Management for the 21st Century. The Stationery Office, London. Dimond B (2006) Mental capacity and professional advice in a patient with dysphagia. British Journal of Nursing. 15, 10, 574-575. Driscoll J, Teh B (2001) The potential of reflective practice to develop individual orthopaedic nurse practitioners and their practice. Journal of Orthopaedic Nursing. 5, 2, 95-103. Edwards S (1996) Nursing Ethics: A Principle-Based Approach. Macmillan, Basingstoke. Gibbs G (1988) Learning by Doing: A Guide to Teaching and Learning Methods. Further Education Unit, London. Hek G, Judd M, Moule P (2002) Making Sense of Research: An Introduction for Health and Social Care Practitioners. Second edition. Sage, London. Hendrick J (2000) Law and Ethics in Nursing and Health Care. Stanley Thornes, Cheltenham. Hutchinson C (2005) Addressing issues related to adult patients who lack the capacity to give consent. Nursing Standard. 19, 23, 47-53. Jevon P (1999) Do not resuscitate orders: the issues. Nursing Standard. 13, 40, 45-46. Jevon P, Raby M (2002) Resuscitation in primary care. Nursing Standard. 17, 7, 33-35. McDermott A (2002) Involving patients in discussions of do-not-resuscitate orders. Professional Nurse. 17, 8, 465-468. Noble-Adams R (1999) Ethics and nursing research 1: development, theories and principles. British Journal of Nursing. 8, 13, 888-892. Nursing and Midwifery Council (2004) The NMC Code of Professional Conduct: Standards for Conduct, Performance and Ethics. NMC, London. Oxtoby K (2005) Consent: obtaining permission to care. Nursing Times. 101, 1, 23. Payne S, Hardey M, Coleman P (2000) Interactions between nurses during handovers in elderly care. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 32, 2, 277-285. Pennels C (2001) Resuscitation: the legal and ethical implications. Professional Nurse. 16, 11, 1476-1477. Polit D, Beck C (2006) Essentials of Nursing Research: Methods, Appraisal and Utilization. Sixth edition. Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia PA. Resuscitation Council (UK) (2001) Decisions Relating to Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Joint Statement from the British Medical Association, the Resuscitation Council (UK) and the Royal College of Nursing. RC (UK), London. Royal College of Nursing (1997) Ethical Dilemmas: Issues in Nursing and Health 43. RCN, London. Rundell S, Rundell L (1992) The nursing contribution to the resuscitation debate. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 1, 2, 195-198. Schultz L (1997) Not for resuscitation: two decades of challenge for nursing ethics and practice. Nursing Ethics. 4, 3, 227-238. Sletteboe A (1997) Dilemma: a concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 26, 4, 449-454. Thompson I, Melia K, Boyd K, Horsburgh D (2006) Nursing Ethics. Fifth edition. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh. Tschudin V (1992) Ethics in Nursing: The Caring Relationship. Second edition. Butterworth- Heinemann, Oxford. UK Clinical Ethics Network (2006) The Four Principles. www.ethics-network.org.uk/ framework/framework.htm (Last accessed: June 25 2007.)

cloning :: essays papers

cloning Abstract As bioethics Leon R. Kass points out in his essay The Wisdom of Repugnance, those who defend human cloning regard themselves mainly as friends of freedom: the freedom of individuals to reproduce, the freedom of scientists and inventors to discover and devise and to foster ‘progress’ in genetic knowledge and technique." Kass goes on to stress that in fact, a "right to reproduce" has always been a peculiar and problematic notion. Rights generally belong to individuals, but this is a right which (before cloning) no one can exercise alone. Does the right then inhere only in couples? Only in married couples? Is it a (woman’s) right to carry or deliver or a right (of one or more parents) to nurture and rear? Is it a right to have your own biological child? Is it a right only to attempt reproduction, or a right also to succeed? Is it a right to acquire the baby of one’s choice? Critical analysis Kass debate on human cloning has brought to the surface a glaring deficiency of bioethics. It has few if any good methods for dealing with new and novel technologies. By that I mean those technologies where there seem to be no relevant historical precedents and where the potential benefits and harms are speculative only, not yet available for empirical testing. How might we best try to assess such technologies, and what counts as a good or bad argument for ethics and for public policy? Nor is it reasonable to insist on "empirical evidence" of benefit or harm when the scientific outcomes are still in the future and wholly speculative in nature. Such evidence could become available only when human cloning was a reality; and then it could take years or decades after that to determine whether it had been a wise move to allow the research to go forward in the first place. The key issue here is not genetic determinism or genetic identity but the preservation of individuality — by no means the same as genetic identity. Even so-called "identical" twins are not wholly identical genetically; that is well known. More to the point here is the issue of parents trying to use children for parental ends, procreating them with traits chosen by the parents for the purr-poses of the parents, not the welfare of the children. We happily accept twins when they are born, but no parents I have heard of go out of their way to procreate twins, or turn to assisted reproduction specialists to procreate twins. cloning :: essays papers cloning Abstract As bioethics Leon R. Kass points out in his essay The Wisdom of Repugnance, those who defend human cloning regard themselves mainly as friends of freedom: the freedom of individuals to reproduce, the freedom of scientists and inventors to discover and devise and to foster ‘progress’ in genetic knowledge and technique." Kass goes on to stress that in fact, a "right to reproduce" has always been a peculiar and problematic notion. Rights generally belong to individuals, but this is a right which (before cloning) no one can exercise alone. Does the right then inhere only in couples? Only in married couples? Is it a (woman’s) right to carry or deliver or a right (of one or more parents) to nurture and rear? Is it a right to have your own biological child? Is it a right only to attempt reproduction, or a right also to succeed? Is it a right to acquire the baby of one’s choice? Critical analysis Kass debate on human cloning has brought to the surface a glaring deficiency of bioethics. It has few if any good methods for dealing with new and novel technologies. By that I mean those technologies where there seem to be no relevant historical precedents and where the potential benefits and harms are speculative only, not yet available for empirical testing. How might we best try to assess such technologies, and what counts as a good or bad argument for ethics and for public policy? Nor is it reasonable to insist on "empirical evidence" of benefit or harm when the scientific outcomes are still in the future and wholly speculative in nature. Such evidence could become available only when human cloning was a reality; and then it could take years or decades after that to determine whether it had been a wise move to allow the research to go forward in the first place. The key issue here is not genetic determinism or genetic identity but the preservation of individuality — by no means the same as genetic identity. Even so-called "identical" twins are not wholly identical genetically; that is well known. More to the point here is the issue of parents trying to use children for parental ends, procreating them with traits chosen by the parents for the purr-poses of the parents, not the welfare of the children. We happily accept twins when they are born, but no parents I have heard of go out of their way to procreate twins, or turn to assisted reproduction specialists to procreate twins.

11 High Paying Jobs That Dont Require a College Degree

11 High Paying Jobs That Dont Require a College Degree we don’t all have the luxury of going straight to college or university after high school. but if you can’t (or shouldn’t, for personal reasons) go to college right away, you don’t have to settle for low-paying work. here are 11 high-paying  jobs that don’t require a college degree.real estate brokeryou will need to acquire a license, but you can apply for your first position with just a high school diploma. you may have to log a lot of evening, weekend, and holiday hours to start, and you might not generate income for a while. but when you get your stride, you can make over $180k per year. it’s a competitive field, and the low range of the salary field is just over $30k per year. but if you have the talent, luck, and dedication, you could thrive.air traffic controllerbecause the job is incredibly stressful and the stakes (and responsibilities) are high, this is a very high paying position. an average of just under $159k annually. thereâ₠¬â„¢s a lot of pre-employment screening to get through, but it pays handsomely.small business ownerif you have the capacity to start your own business, and the wherewithal to get through the difficult early stages (and, importantly, you have a valuable product or service to offer the market), this could be a good option for you. set your own hours, write off many expenses on your taxes, and make as much as you possibly can. the sky’s the limit.fire chiefyou’ll have to work your way through the ranks of this challenging and physically demanding career, but if you’re comfortable with high risk and lots of time away from home, then you could succeed in scaling the ladder to be chief. the salary range is approximately $42k to $119k per year.construction managerif you like working construction, you don’t have to worry about switching careers to something better. construction companies often promote from within. if you truly like the work, you could consider st icking it out and working your way up the ranks to management. expect to make anywhere from $41k to $131k per year.plumberlearn this trade through apprenticeships or technical school. it’s super high demand, and salaries can soar to over six figures very quickly.network/it manageras long as you’re up on the latest technology and talented with gadgets, networks, and computers, you can excel in this field. it’s stable work with good benefits and salaries ranging from $53k to $125k per year.hotel executive chefobviously, you’ll have to start at the bottom and work your way up. you’ll have to deal with impossibly long and grueling hours. but if you have the passion and the talent and can get to the executive level, you can easily make six figures.radiation therapistyou’ll need a two-year associate’s degree or a certificate in radiation therapy, but not a traditional four-year degree. you can make as much as $116 per year.court reporterif you can transcribe 250 words per minute, and spell, and have absolute and precise attention to detail, then you can make anywhere between $29k and $104k. you’ll have to take some training classes in transcription, as well as pass some stringent background checks, but it could well be worth it.pilotif all of these jobs sound good, but just not glamorous enough for you (and you have perfect eyesight), then you might consider becoming a pilot. the average salary is $110k per year, but many pilots, depending on their training, experience, and license, can make over twice that.if you’re willing to work hard and dedicate yourself to excellence in your chosen career, then you can easily make six figures without a traditional degree.

Government Changes And Rules Of The Law Social Work Essays

Government Changes And Rules Of The Law Social Work Essays Government Changes And Rules Of The Law Social Work Essay Government Changes And Rules Of The Law Social Work Essay The 1989 Children Act counsel required Local Authorities to supply educational chances for looked after kids and support, and that this must be included in their attention program ( Goddard, 2000 ) . In 1994 the Department of Health and Department of Education to boot stressed the importance of co-operation between schools, societal services and Local Authorities. Yet, in 1995 these steps to advance instruction for looked after kids were found to hold made small difference ( Social services Inspectorate and the Office for Standards in Education, 1995 ) . In response the Government set specific marks for Local Authorities with regard to education alongside a demand to print counsel on the instruction as per that from the Department for Education and Employment and the Department of Health, 2000. This ensured all local governments were working towards the same end and by the same guidelines. Equally good as presenting new guidelines for instructors, designated to back up looked after kids and each looked after kid was given a personal instruction program ( PEP ) . Another portion of the mark was to guarantee that no arrangement was given before an educational arrangement could be secured. The amended Children Act 2004 implemented new responsibilities advancing the educational accomplishment of looked after kids. The schools nevertheless are merely expected to take a proactive attack to the instruction of looked after kids and organizing with different sections there is merely an outlook. If the school believes it does non hold the reso urces to back up one looked after kid so it will non be rebuked because of it. : There have been a figure of debuts of legislative policies and counsel for illustration Bettering the educational accomplishment of looked after kids ( Department for kids, schools and households, 2009 ) this introduced new cardinal elements affecting the instruction of looked after kids presenting a practical school caput whom keeps path of every looked after kid to guarantee all have appropriate commissariats. Care affairs: clip for a alteration ( 2007 ) was introduced to better the results of looked after kids. This policy addresses the corporate parenting, wellness, instruction and societal work pattern and committee of looked after kids services to better arrangement pick and stableness. Similarly The Children go forthing attention Act ( 2000 ) was introduced to heighten proviso for attention departers, For illustration, giving Local Governments a responsibility to guarantee they continue to run into the looked after kid s demands until 21 old ages old, and apportion an adviser who would take duty for co-ordinating support. This thesis will see the grounds why there are still a relatively little figure and proportion of looked after kids with good educational results. By and large and more specifically why an even smaller comparative proportion of looked after kids enter third instruction. The thesis will besides see what societal workers can make to advance an instruction docket for looked after kids. Previous research has shown that looked after kids have low educational attainment ( Jackson, Ajayi and Quigley, 2005 and Jackson et Al, 2002 ) . 6 % of looked after kids go on to entree third instruction. Several important beginnings indicate a go oning deficiency of formal makings among kids in attention, with subsequent chances for come ining higher instruction less likely. Research has shown ( Berridge, 2006 ) a broad scope of grounds why looked after kids do non entree third instruction. These grounds vary from child experiences of maltreatment, the type of arrangement the kid has, attachment jobs and hapless services given to kids who are looked after. McLeod ( 2008 ) found that kids in local authorization attention need a positive and sustained relationship with their societal worker to advance their well being and underscore the importance of instruction and other facets of the looked after kid s life that may hold been antecedently ignored. As such, a societal workers functi on to work with a kid holistically to guarantee all their demands are met, has profound deductions for instruction. The grounds presented here suggests that the instruction of kids looked after by Local Authorities continues to be debatable. This reappraisal will besides oppugn if going a looked after kid is necessarily negative in footings of the kid s opportunities to entree third instruction is this was the instance so relatively looked after kids in other states should hold the same results. Presently the Governments precedence is to contract the spread between the educational accomplishments of looked after kids and that of their equals. In 2008 14 % of looked after kids achieved five A*-C classs at GCSE compared to 65.3 % of all other kids ( Department for Children, Schools and Families ( 2009 ) . New enterprises include public service understandings for illustration Public Service Agreement 11 purposes to contract the educational accomplishment spread between kids from low income and disadvantaged backgrounds and their equals. This understanding involves taking for the looked after kids to make 3 national marks. Including to take for 20 % of looked after kids get derive 5 GSCE s A*-C, for 55 % of looked after kids to make flat 4 of cardinal phase 2 in mathematics and 60 % to make cardinal phase 2 in English. Local governments must now back up looked after kids enrol in higher instruction and go on with it by allowing bursaries if they desire to go on their instruction . Universally the grounds presented above suggests that there is a general understanding amongst informed authors that looked after kids continue to hold poorer educational results than their equals. There are legion grounds postulated for this shortage, looked after kids face jobs that their equals do non. First, many have faced great upheaval and accordingly some may hold behavioral jobs compared to the general population impacting the relationship with other kids, instructors and hence impacting their work and relationships within school. Weyts ( 2004 ) high spots that looked after kids are expected to execute lower than their equals so may non be given the same encouragement as others. The major job facing looked after kids with regard to instruction nevertheless would look to be upheaval caused by alteration of arrangements ( OSullivan and Westerman, 2007 ) , which may show troubles in acquiring used to different schools, friends and instructors all set uping their instruction an d results. Yet with positive arrangement, and promoting carers so there is grounds that kids may achieve good educational results ( Jackson, 1998 ) . It may besides be the instance that the theoretical account of public assistance adopted at national degree, will besides impact upon single results for looked after kids, as is apparent from some international comparings ( Petrie, Boddy, Cameron, Wigfall and Simon, 2006 ) ) . This thesis will link the information from the research gathered to reply the research inquiry. Using a best grounds attack to synthesize the information to guarantee all facets of the research inquiry can be answered efficaciously. Methodology As referred to in my research proposal, this thesis will follow a systematic reappraisal attack ( pg.4 of research proposal ) . This type of reappraisal will supply a synthesis of research on this subject. A systematic reappraisal identifies all available literature on a specific subject whilst depicting a clear method. Bryman ( 2008 ) defines a systematic reappraisal as one which summarises briefly all the best grounds that address the research inquiry. An inclusion and exclusion standard is set to guarantee merely the best research is used in the reappraisal. The research documents will so be critiqued and a best grounds attack method for reviewing the documents will be used. Decisions will be drawn by uniting observations from the reappraisal with bing theories and theoretical accounts. A best grounds attack selects literature which has most relevancy to the research inquiry. The literature that gives the best reply to the research inquiry and has a good grounds base are the docum ents more likely to be most effectual in replying the research inquiry. This literature reappraisal was derived from hunts of the undermentioned databases via the Leicester University Library web site: Sage diaries online Intergentaconnect Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts ( ASSIA ) Oxford University Press E-Journals Social Care online Wiley online library Searchs were carried out on each database utilizing the undermentioned hunt footings: Looked after kids or kids in attention Educational results or educational attainment or educational accomplishment The hunt will be restricted to cover between 1980 and 2010. This bound was chosen as most research is between this epoch and to hold a wider inclusion bound would impact on the range of the thesis. The consequences will be filtered manually utilizing the undermentioned standards: The relativity to the topic of looked after kids and accessing third instruction Theoretical or empirical research Harvard referencing will besides be adopted The looked after kids population in the United Kingdom The term looked after was introduced in the Children Act, 1989. Looked after kids are those under the age of 18 who are capable to a attention order it besides includes kids who are accommodated voluntarily for over 24 hours. Presently there are about 60,900 kids who are looked after by local governments in England ( Department for kids, schools and households, DCSF ( 2009 ) . Of this population 57 % was male and 43 % female. The per centum of looked after kids increased when comparing the age of the looked after kid. The greater the age group of looked after kids the higher the per centum. There was a important addition from ages 5 to 9 to that of the age group of 10 to 15 increasing from 17 % to 41 % . From the age group 10 to 15 and 16 over the per centum of looked after kids decreases to 21 % ( See appendix 1 ) ( DCSF, 2009 ) . Statisticss from DSCF ( 2009 ) show that that chief class of demand of the looked after kid is because of maltreatment or disregard at 61 % , which has nt changed greatly over the past five old ages. Other grounds for being in attention are ; the kid holding a disablement, parental unwellness, the household is in hurt, disfunction in the household, socially unacceptable behaviors, low income and absent parenting. In 2009 most kids in attention were of white British beginning ( 74 % ) . 36,200 kids were looked after on a attention order in 2009. This is a lessening of 2 % from the old twelvemonth s figure of 36,900 and a lessening of 10 % from 2005 ( DCSF, 2009 ) . When kids are capable to a attention order parental duties are vested in the local authorization through the societal services section. A attention order is a tribunal order made under subdivision 31 of the 1989 Children Act which places a child compulsorily in the attention of a designated local authorization. The tribunal can merely do this order if they are satisfied that a kid is enduring or is likely to endure important injury. The local authorization assumes parental duty every bit good as the parents for the kid. Other grounds why kids may be looked after are if there is no responsible grownup available to look after the kid and if the kid is being adopted but is non yet lawfully adopted by the new lasting household. Harmonizing to the 1989 Children Act, all local governments have a statutory responsibility to advance instruction and to advance looked after kids s educational accomplishment. They should see all the determinations sing arrangement they make on behalf of the looked after kid to guarantee their instruction is non impinged upon. The local authorization must guarantee those kids looked after are offered everything that kids who are nt looked after receive, so they perform the function every bit parent every bit near as possible. Of those in attention, 73 % were kids looked after in surrogate arrangements, 10 % in unafraid units, kids s places A ; inns, 7 % with parents, 4 % placed for acceptance, and 5 % in other attention ( this included residential schools and other residential scenes ) ( DCSF, 2009 ) . Sing the types of arrangements the looked after kid has the instruction of the carers needs to be considered. All persons involved with arrangements and giving attention to looked after kids need to be given a degree of instruction so they are able to carry through the kid s demands and guarantee that educational results are to be achieved. Looked after kids belong to the kids in demand group within the UK. When kids and households require assist their appraisal of demand becomes the first mechanism. The province should so be involved in back uping the households fulfil their duties as parents. If the province decides that the kid s developmental demands are non being met so they should step in. If the kid has experienced important injury is there is a likeliness of sing important injury so the kid should be removed from the household to measure the state of affairs. The Children Act ( 2004 ) states that the kid s development is the footing of specifying demand. The chief dimensions involve societal, physical, rational, behavioral and educational. This had so been developed within the looking after kids dimensions and includes wellness, individuality, household and societal relationships, instruction, emotional and behavioral development, societal presentation and self attention accomplishments ( DOH, 1995 ) . To understand the definition of what demand is involves understanding the criterions that should be met. Bradshaw ( 1972 ) suggested that there are four dimensions to necessitate these include normative demands which most professionals define for populations, felt demands which include what people say they need, expressed demands including what people want by actions and comparative demands which are those demands established when comparing to another group. This apprehension of demands is needed to give the best responses as societal worke rs and other professionals to run into the demands. The underpinning theories which contribute to understanding the demands of a kid include Maslow s ( 1968 ) Hierarchy of Need which includes physiological, societal, security, narcissistic, and psychological dimensions. Bowlby s ( 1988 ) fond regard theory besides underpins the apprehension of demand. Attachment theory has become an of import portion of working with kids and pattern, it gives understanding of development and the impact that loss or injury can impact kids. Understanding each of these dimensions of a kid s life aid s in pattern when measuring the kid s demands and how to react. Looked after kids and instruction There have been a figure of enterprises ( SEU, 2003 ) introduced in the UK which highlight a go oning job with respect to low educational results for looked after kids and immature people in comparing to the general population. Basic jobs, such as a high rate of exclusion for looked after kids have been identified, and are now good known, but have proved hard to eliminate and go on to do relentless jobs for the looked after kids. These include the impact of frequently regular alterations of arrangement, the possibility that the outlooks of instructors or societal workers may be lower for looked after kids than would be typical for most parents aspirations for their ain kids. Many kids taken into attention have a history of household crisis and have experiences of injury whether through direct maltreatment or more general disfunction within the household. The impact of this frequently affects the looked after kid s ability to larn or come on through school without excess support ( REF ) . When kids enter the attention system it is about neer the program for them to stay looked after for a drawn-out period. Social workers are merely excessively cognizant of the possible negative effects of clip in attention ( REF ) and so the bulk of kids who come into attention return to household attention fleetly. For some kids nevertheless, normally those with the most complex jobs and intractable household state of affairss, being looked after can go long term. The impact of being looked after nevertheless will impact the kid s educational attainment no affair what age they are. The latest figures from the Department for Children, Schools and Families, published in 2009 show that while 66 % of looked after kids in twelvemonth 11 from old ages 2007 to 2008 passed at least one GCSE OR GNVQ 99 % of other kids achieved this degree. In 2007 to 2008 14 % of looked after kids passed at least 5 GCSEs or GNVQ s at classs of A* to C compared to 65 % of other kids. Primary school consequences are besides low. Cardinal Phase trials at age 7, 11 and 14 ( SEU, 2003 ] for illustration found that at Key Stage one 57 % of looked-after seven year-olds achieved at least flat 2 in reading in 2008, compared to 84 % of all kids. At Key Stage level two 46 % of 11 year-old kids looked after achieved degree 4 in English, compared with 81 % of all kids. In Key Stage three maths, 33 % of looked-after immature people achieved flat 5, compared to 77 % of all kids ( DCSF, 2009 ) . Looked after kids in the United Kingdom may accordingly be argued to be a vulnerable group who as a consequence of the inequality of the instruction system frequently face exclusion from society in a more general sense, frequently widening long after their period of clip looked after has come to a decision, and throughout their grownup lives. Hugh ( 2009 ) argues that looked after kids tend to be from less flush households, proposing correlativity between poorness and hapless educational results. Hugh ( op cit ) extends this statement to propose that societal exclusion will impact many countries of looked after kid s life, one major concern if holding hapless educational experience. The SEU ( 1998 ) found that those kids who miss big sums of schooling are more likely to be exploited. Harker, Ober, Lawrence, Berridge and Sinclair ( 2003 ) further suggested that looked after kids are over represented within the group of excluded kids, and that many have behavioral and particular educational demands likely to impact their advancement through instruction. Research by Daniels, Cole, Sellman, Sutton, Visser and Bedward ( 2003 ) found that lasting exclusion from school normally followed a history of behavioral jobs. This survey found that four out of five of the excluded immature people had received two or more fixed term exclusions prior to them being for good excluded. Research by the SEU ( 1998 ) found that kids in attention were 10 times more likely to be excluded from school than other kids but besides that this disagreement was widening. Quality Projects Research ( 2003 ) found that the bulk of excluded kids failed to subsequently complete their schooling or have any educational accomplishments. The SEU ( 2003 ) paper Better Education for Children in Care highlighted five large issues impacting the accomplishment of looked after kids. These included Instability, ( frequent alterations in arrangement frequently besides require a alteration of school ) . Too many kids in attention are fring big sums of clip out of school because of exclusions or as a consequence of holding no unafraid school topographic point. Relatively hapless place environments for looked after kids are besides identified as a factor that will impact educational attainment, likewise differences in encouragement and support at place by the carer affects the kid s results and these incompatibilities need to be addressed with, the concluding issue identified as the emotional, physical and mental wellness of the kid in attention. As a consequence it is of import for the school, societal worker and carer to understand that extra support may be needed for kids in attention, particularly if they are bullied or hav e experienced legion alterations of relationships and friendly relationship webs, declarative mood of a high potency for disrupted fond regards ( SEU, 2003 ) . Education undertakings was launched in 2003 by the Department of Health and the Department for Education and Skills, its purpose was to better educational results for looked after kids. Concentrating on multi-agency working, Education undertakings recommended the debut of local authorization preparation for designated instructors within schools. It besides provided support to be used to develop new educational schemes across local governments. The Department for Education and Skills so published The Role of the School in Supporting the Education of Children in Public Care ( 2003 ) likewise urging specific enterprises with looked after kids affecting Personal Education Plans, Attendance and hooky and Transition planning and admittance to call but a few. The SEU ( 2003 ) highlighted the five debatable countries sing the educational results of looked after kids which have prevented alteration, or slowed it down ( Cocker and Allain, 2008 ) . These five countries included Capacity mentioning to the vacancy rates within the kids s societal attention work force, proposing limited penetration into the specific educational demands of looked after kids. Management and leading with respect to staff at senior degrees deficiency of clip and attendant committedness they can offer in this country taking to feelings of impotence to impact existent alteration. Limited resources, including for illustration incompatibilities between countries in the UK and which resources are available to looked after kids, impacting the support available to looked after kids. Similarly the attitudes of the societal workers and professionals who work with looked after kids were besides deemed to lend to low outlooks of the educational results of looked after kids. The concluding job highlighted was systems and construction within local governments impacting on inter bureau communicating and impacting the work between the bureaus, hence impacting their pattern with looked after kids ( SEU, 2003 ) ( Cocker and Allain, 2003 ) . The Every Child Matters ( 2004 ) green paper included five results critical for all kids, including good wellness, an chance to remain safe, achieve economic well being, enjoy and achieve and do positive parts towards society. Most late the white paper Care Matters, clip for a alteration ( Department for instruction and accomplishments, 2007 ) proposes that looked after kids should be given the highest precedence in school admittances. The paper for illustration requires Local Governments to guarantee looked after kids s arrangements were non changed within twelvemonth 10 and 11 of school, to forestall the break of their instruction. The paper highlighted once more the importance of a designated instructor to work with looked after kids to go statutory, whilst besides presenting the practical caput instructor within each authorization. Their duty is to track the advancement of the kids in the local authorization who are go toing school and those moved into a different local authorization. A designated instructor has duty for the looked after kids within a school. They are expected to recommend on behalf of the kids and immature people in attention and they should guarantee that each has a personal instruct ion program ( Department for Education and Skills, 2005 ) . The paper implemented more support for looked after kids sing absences and exclusion. The paper besides proposed the providing of a grant of ?500 yearly to be used for support for illustration one to one tutoring. Jackson and Martin ( 2002 ) pull attending to jobs that looked after kids face when seeking to happen a suited beginning of instruction, whether this is because they need to travel due of arrangement alterations or because of old exclusions from other schools. Most schools need to maintain a high degree within the conference tabular arraies in order to guarantee support is continued. With this is mind many are loath to take on looked after kids. Many schools stated that they did non understand what these kids faced and that they did non hold the resources to back up them ( Jackson et al, 2002 ) . Berridge ( 2006 ) has identified the spreads of informations when accessing statistics. The societal procedures behind organizing the statistics may non straightforward. Interpreting the footings within statistics may do farther jobs. Berridge, besides highlights force per unit areas from outside groups to acquire indexs of why looked after kids have low educational results. The statistics gathered sing looked after kids have restrictions. First 27 % of the looked after population who had been in attention for over 12 months have a particular educational demands statement, compared to 2.7 % of the overall population ( DCSF, 2009 ) clearly impacting the public presentation of a big group of looked after kids. Second the educational results of looked after kids who have been in attention more than 12 months are published, there is besides the overall consequences of looked after kids. These kids may merely be in attention for a short period because of household jobs. Berridge ( 2006 ) argues that if we are to utilize these statistics at that place needs to be a clip period given for societal workers and other professionals to be responsible for the looked after kid to turn their state of affairs about. Social services can non be responsible for giving the looked after kid a start in life if they have merely entered attention as an stripling and have bing e ducational troubles.

Cross Cultural Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cross Cultural Management - Essay Example Time Focus (Monochromic and Polychromic): Monochromic culture means the people doing one thing at a time. They value a certain sense and orderliness of there being on correct place and time for everything. There is no value interruption. In Spain and Poland, monochromic culture gives control on the situations by professional managers, bureaucratic structure, time management, technology etc. concentrating on time and efficiency and planning and schedule for the productivity. They believe that professional and personal lives are separate. They live to work, not work to live. Their privacy and private property are used to maximum yield. They improve their productivity efficiency in their property. â€Å"Soundproof, private offices to minimize work distractions and shut people out.  Careerism and workaholism as the main source of self-identity† (Cultural Characteristics and Classifications 2011). They also believe in careerism and workaholism as the main source of self-identity. For business people, in monochromic culture, schedules and punctuality are very important. Time schedule and deadlines are tend to be rigid and monochromic people’s meetings are interrupted very rarely. Poland generally follows monochromic culture. But in the case of polychromic culture, people do multiple things at a time. â€Å"People and relationships are more important, in this culture; schedules and deadlines tend to be quite flexible and meetings are frequently interrupted† (Gesteland 1999). Here, people use time to relax and enjoyments. Because they believe in live to work and not work to live. They do changes in plans according to the business needs and environments. These people are fatalistic believers. External environment will control the human events. They give more than one priority for a time. Spain and other many Latin American and Asian countries are followers of polychromic culture. Time orientations: (past, present and future) The time orientation i n a culture means the thinking about past, present and future. It talks about how a culture values time and how they can control believes of people. The past-oriented culture is concerned with old or traditional values and follows traditional ways to do things. They look conservative in management and make no changes in thing that are tied to the past. â€Å"Present-oriented societies include the rest of the Spanish-speaking Latin American countries. They see the past as passed and the future as uncertain. They prefer short-term benefits. Future-oriented societies have a great deal of optimism about the future. They think they understand it and can shape it through their actions. They view management as a matter of planning, doing and controlling (as opposed to going with the flow, letting things happen)† (Differences in Cultures n.d.). The U.S and Brazil are future-oriented countries. Power: Hierarchy and Equality: Hierarchy: A characteristic feature of the Poland economy is the commitment and the participation of the people in the countries day to day affair. The Poland is a patriotic nation with the well-built invasions from the various countries; they uphold a good cultural identity, where they had an established autonomy. Usually it is seen that the administration functioning hours are from 8 am to 4 pm and there are frequent international businesses and company that utilize foreign staff in a more western move toward long working

Animal rights and Nazi in Germany Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Animal rights and Nazi in Germany - Essay Example Vivisection was first banned in Nazi Germany. Immediately after the Nazis took power, regulation on animal protection was passed. This was followed by regulation of the slaughter of poikilotherms. The prime minister of Prussia, Goring announced an end to suffering and unbearable torture in animal experiments. He threatened that those who continue to treat animals as inanimate property would end up in concentration camps (Sax, 2000). Hermann Goring also banned animal trapping and made sweeping restrictions on hunting and shoeing of horses. Boiling of crabs and lobsters was also regulated. On one occasion, a fisherman was taken to a concentration camp for cutting up a bait frog. In 1933, Reich animal protection act was enacted to protect animals. The law prohibited the use of animals in film making, forceful feeding of fowls and tearing up the thighs of frogs which are alive. This was followed by enactment of a decree by Prussian ministry of education which facilitated education on animal protection. Enforcement became a challenge causing the regulations to become weak. Some laws were revised, and later many lax provisions were