Different Ways in Which Ted Hughes Portrays Nature in His Poems

Compare the different ways in which Ted Hughes portrays nature in his poems as well as themes and ideas, you should consider the poems techniques? Ted Hughes is an English poet who was inspired by nature at his homeland in Yorkshire and wrote countless poems on this topic. I have studied several poems (Thistles, The thought fox, the jaguar, the horses, Hawk roosting, Pike, and Ghost Crabs). Within these poems I am going to compare the ways and techniques in which Ted Hughes portrays nature using poetic technique and language.Firstly Ted Hughes Uses personification to portray human senses and appearances, In ‘Thistles’ it says ‘fighting back over the same ground’ and ‘spike the summer air’ . These quotes from the poem create imagery as if the thistles have actually come alive and are fighting. This is used to make the poem interesting to the reader. Secondly in ‘Hawk Roosting’ it says ‘Nothing has changed since I began ‘. This poem is written from the hawks perspective . This is done so we as humans can see and relate to what the character and feelings of the hawk are.The hawks’ thoughts portray its natural instincts in the wild, it says ‘I kill where I please because it is all mine’. This shows that Hawks are ruthless killing machines and think that they are top of the picking order. This technique brings the character alive and creates more satisfaction for the reader. Ted Hughes uses anthropomorphism which is writing from an animal’s perspective. This is only used in one of the poems I have studied called ‘hawk roosting’ . This technique is brilliant at portraying the natural characteristics of an animal.In Ted Hughes’ poem ‘The Horses’ he uses pathetic fallacy to alter the image of the animals. Ted Hughes writes ‘steaming and glistening under the flow of light’, this makes the horses seem Godly and magical. This technique c reates imagery therefore making the moment in the poem special and unique. In many of Ted Hughes’ poems he makes nature seem superior to us. For example in ‘Pike’ he says ‘stunned by their own grandeur’ and ’past nightfall I dared not to cast’. These lines create the illusion that pike are dangerous large hunting animals that even humans should be scared of.But all they are is small fish that eat smaller fish at the bottom of a pond. But yet they seem worse in the poem due to the way Ted Hughes has described them. Ted Hughes makes nature seem superior to us in ‘The Horses’ when he says ’steaming and glistening ‘and ‘with draped manes’ these lines make the horses seem magical and much better than us as they seem so pure and seem to have so much strength especially in the line ‘their hung heads as patient as the horizons’. This makes them seem like majestic statues standing there boldly and purely.

London Poems Essay

Wordsworth and Blake each use language in different ways to present their own view of ondon. They both reveal their feelings through their viewpoint, the way they have structured their poems and the poetic devices each of them use. Wordsworth wrote his ‘On Westminster Bridge’ on September 3rd 1802 as a result of him riding a stage coach over Westminster Bridge. Wordsworth’s view of London from Westminster Bridge is from a fair distance away because he doesn’t describe the ground level in much detail, nor does he describe people with much detail. His view of London is quite broad, â€Å"Dear God! The very houses seem asleep†. Aswell as being far away, he is also situated quite high up to get this broad view that he describes. The time of day in which the poem is set is early morning. He mentions the air being smokeless, â€Å"..in the smokeless air†. His poem suggests that he thought that London was usually a horrible,dirty and mucky place. But when he sees London’s air clear and clean, â€Å"Ne’er saw I, never felt a calm so deep!† This shows he doesn’t visit London very often. Wordsworth’s peom focuses more on the general look of London. He is more concerned with buildings and atmosphere of london rather than the details of people and their lives. ‘On Westminster Bridge’ is written in the form of a sonnet. He tells us about what he can see, â€Å"..ships, towers, domes, theatres and temples..†. His feelings at the start of the poem are more overtly shown, but the farther you read into the poem, his feelings become more apparent.The last six lines or seset shows his feelings about London and how is opinion has changed from his original view of London, â€Å"Dear God!†. He is suprised how differnt London can look. In addition, William Wordsworth uses various poetic devices to make his sonnet have more depth and feeling and to create a picture in the readers mind of how London used to be in his eyes. He uses similes, â€Å"The city now doth, like a garment†. He is trying to make it easier for the reader to create an image in their head by saying one thing is like another. The poem also has personification included, â€Å"The river glideth at his own sweet will†, â€Å"The very houses seem asleep†. One other example is â€Å"The sun in his first splendour†. The personification that he uses gives the pictures in your head some animation by saying that they have human characteristics. Wordsworth also uses symbolism, â€Å"And all that the mighty heart is lying still†. All these methods are each in turn creating images in the reader’s head. Overall, Wordsworth’s poem is a more general view with a change in his point of view within the poem. Blake on the otherhand writes from a very different point of view. he form os his peom differs from Wordsworths. Blake focuses on the people in the city and they are like. Blake’s view is from ground level so includes a lot more detail. Because Blake’s view is much closer than Wordsworth’s, Blake’s view point is much narrower. Blake takes a much closer look at peoples lives and he thinks that this is the key to what London is all about, the people. Blake generally employs different peotic devices from Wrodsworth’s to put across his point of view on London. Blake uses repetition to emphasize his view on London and to try and make it look as if everyone is the same. It also has some metaphors too, â€Å"Mind-forged manacles† and â€Å"..plagues the marriage hearse†. The Blake poem uses hyperbole to criticize London and the sadness and malice of the people who live their. Blake’s London brutally painted is a dark, dirty, disease ridden and deprived place. Unlike the Wordsworth poem, it leaves you in no doubt as to the authors feelings on the subject. Blake’s poem conveys his feelings in a more abstract style, when he uses the people and buildings of London to represent the institutions which they are associated with. He uses the image of a church to criticise religious establishments and a palace to signify the state, and authorities who control it. He gives the image of the â€Å"Soldier’s sigh running in blood down palace-walls†. Here he is attacking the monarchy and government for condemning young men to death by sending them off to fight in foreign wars. Wordsworth and Blake each have different views on London. Wordsworth shows how nice,warm and calm London can look in the early morning, proving people wrong that its not always grimy and dirty. However Blake’s poem is more against London, trying to prove that it makes people miserable and that everyone feels the same way. Both these poems, in my opinion, share feelings of concern and disgust for London. If i had to pick which one I prefered I would choose the Blake poem. This is because the meaning of the words is more clearcut. I accept the point of view of Wordsworth, how it can be clean and not always dirty and horrible as some may think.

Ketchum Corp case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ketchum Corp case - Essay Example This term is knowledge generation. In this way the company is working at innovating processes related to the way that employees interact with the information intranet system in order to generate knowledge. Ketchum used a number of motivational tools to promote the intranet system throughout the company. One of these motivational tools was including employee’s sharing practices into job assessments. Another motivational tool that was implemented was employee raffles. Newsletters also recognized employee contributions, and even included a document of the month section. The specific system that has been established in the Ketchum case study is an expert system. An expert system refers to a system where human knowledge is embedded in a technological process. In this way the employee’s knowledge, including their autobiographies, constitutes a sort of expert system. The main focus that Ketchum attempts to achieve in its KM initiative is the notion of knowledge sharing. Knowledge sharing in this model functions for a variety of purposes. In addition to sharing knowledge internally, it aids the organization by limiting employee turnover and maximizing intellectual

Cultural Landscape and Regeneration (The Olympic Stadium 2012) Essay

Cultural Landscape and Regeneration (The Olympic Stadium 2012) - Essay Example Back in the 1980s, hosting the Olympic Games was thought of as a financial and administrative burden to the organizing city and country. This view was confirmed by Montreal's horrendous loss of 692 million in the staging of the 1976 summer Olympics. The 1972 summer Olympics in Munich made a loss of 178 million. However, it was in the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics that the city organizers posted a whopping 215 million in revenues. The City of London's plan to stage the 2012 Olympics and Paralympics centre will contribute to the regeneration of the Lower Lea Valley around Stratford in the east of the city. The goal of the UK government is to build structures that will be useful even after the Olympics. The key venues would all be located in a 500-acre Olympic precinct to be set in 1,500 acres of parkland stretching from Hackney Marshes to the River Thames. Among the facilities being prepared are as follows: an 80,000-seater Olympic stadium at Marshgate Lane in the heart of the Olympic precinct in Stratford to stage the athletics and opening/closing ceremonies and a 25,000-seater athletics stadium after the games, with a sports training, science and medicine centre. There will be a 20,000-seater aquatic centre which will The centre will contain two 50m swimming pools and a 25m diving pool, staging swimming, diving, synchronized swimming, the water polo finals and the modern pentathlon swimming. A velodrome and BMX track located at the Eastway Sports Centre alongside the existing Eastway cycling circuit for track and BMX cycling can accommodate 6,000 spectators. A multi-sport complex of four indoor sports arenas located at Hackney Wick on the site of the former Hackney Greyhound Stadium to stage basketball, fencing, handball, volleyball and modern pentathlon events. A hockey complex comprising two competition stadiums and one warm-up pitch located alongside the Olympic Village site.Stratford Park will also have the Olympic Park tennis complex for training purposes and Paralympic events. In addition, an Olympic Village accommodating 17,000 beds will be located next to Stratford International Rail Terminal and would become housing after the Games. A media complex less than five minutes' drive from the Olympic stadium, comprising a 65,000 square-metre single-storey International Broadcast Centre and a 45,000 square-metre two-storey Main Press Centre. the south of the Olympic Park Zone would b e another cluster of venues on both sides of the River Thames. The plans are designed to fit in with the International Olympic Committee's ideal of a compact Games, with more than half of the events within a 15-minute drive of the Olympic village, itself just three miles from the heart of the capital.Zevi, et. al., (1957) states that architecture deals with a concrete phenomenon which is entirely different: here, man moving about within the building, studying it from successive points of views, himself creates. Architecture takes into account interior space. Beautiful architecture would then be architecture in which the interior space attracts us, elevates us and dominates us spiritually. Ugly architecture would be that in which the interior space disgusts and repels us.The establishment of Olympic facilities is helpful to a country particularly when the government authorities decide to shoulder the expenses related to all its activities. Mules and Faulkner's (1996) stressed that th e public sector plays a pivotal

A Telemedicine opportunity or a distraction Case Study

A Telemedicine opportunity or a distraction - Case Study Example Additionally, the problems encountered in its processes and operation will be highlighted using porters value chain mode. The study paper concludes by revealing that a telemedicine is an opportunity not a distraction (Gogan & Garfield, 2012). Case Synopsis Telemedicine is the application of medical information communicated from one location to another through electronic communications to enhance a patient’s medical health condition. Telemedicine comprises a growing diversity of services and applications using smart phones, two-way video, wireless tools, email and other kinds of telecommunications techniques. After definition, the case paper seeks to assess whether this application is an opportunity or a distraction. The empirical case study (Falmouth Hospital) enjoys honors for their exemplary TeleStroke services thus confirming benefits of the telemedicine (Gogan & Garfield, 2012). ... Porter’s firm-based value chain model is crucial in the assessing the case paper objective. Assessment involves of identifying a clinically identifiable issues or symptom that can be tested or possibly treated using telemedicine technology. Clinical conditions responsive to telemedicine consist of ailments where data about them, relevant images and a Live Video telemedicine meeting with a doctor provides a feasible and applicable solution that includes an appropriate treatment plan or alternatively meets the medical requirement for on-going management of a non-acute illness (Bulik, 2008). The practice has its challenges thus the questioning whether it is a distraction or an opportunity. It is necessary to assess this during the case study to acknowledge the case objective. Strategy Analysis Telemedicine is not an isolated medical specialty. Services and products associated with telemedicine are frequently part of a larger venture by health care organizations in either the deli very of clinical care or information technology. As such, document telemedicine meetings in the same manner as a patient office visit – through medical records (Gogan & Garfield, 2012). The medical record standard in most clinics is the traditional paper record. Many clinics do not have an electronic medical record system. Introduction or usage of telemedicine is an opportunity for healthcare institutions to enhance their electronic system to enjoy the benefits associated with telemedicine. As evident in Shawn Farrell case, telemedicine is essential in dealing with critical cases that need minimal or no time wastage (Gogan & Garfield, 2012). It is upon clinics not currently using an electronic record need to reflect how they to monitor and maintain the new electronic records created by

The corporate history of Canadian Tire Corporation Case Study

The corporate history of Canadian Tire Corporation - Case Study Example In relation to the study the company which has been selected is the Canadian Tire Corporation. Canadian Tire’s extensive range of products and services reached each and every house in Canada over the last two decades and the company made every Canadian life easier. The firm operates an interconnected business network including petroleum and apparel products, financial services, hard goods, and automotive services. The corporation’s retail operations include Canadian Tire, Canadian Tire Petroleum, Mark’s Work Wearhouse, PartSource, and FGL. The firm is well known for its creative advertising and acquisitions and partnerships. The organization’s corporate history indicates that nearly 85% of the Canadian population lived within a 15 minute drive of their local Canadian Tire store by the end of the 20th century. The company has been introducing timely business changes and new customer service facilities since 1922 and this innovativeness assisted the company to complete 89 years of successful Canadian market operations. Canadian Tire Corporation is a family oriented business organization and the firm serves its customers with flexible business hours and a range of other benefits. Recently, the company has introduced MasterCard facilities and other banking facilities in order to assist customers to make their purchases more convenient. The company offers extensive retail offerings including automotive, sports and leisure, and home products under one roof, and hence the Canadian Tire management provides better shopping experiences to its customers. The Canadian Tire possesses a large group of dedicated and efficient employees from different parts of the country and this workforce aids the company to make sure that its products and services are accessible to everyone. Canadian Tire’s corporate information shows that it gives extensive employment opportunities in every region of the country and provides the Canadian society with a ra nge of welfare programs. Therefore, the organization benefits the nation as a whole by offering cheap and quality products to Canadian population and by contributing to the economy’s overall GDP growth. However, like any other leading organization, the Canadian Tire Corporation has some pitfalls and disadvantages for its customers, employees, and society. The company has been often criticized for its service issues. Majority

Saint Joan Institute of Womens Study. Human Resource Management Essay

Saint Joan Institute of Womens Study. Human Resource Management Portfolio - Essay Example Through the paper it has been tried what modus operandi the HR department should follow to exploit the portfolio of a candidate. For the paper, the particular job taken into consideration is a job of an ‘academic coordinator.’ The academic coordinators are academic staffs, who have some responsibility for coordinating the activities of other academic staff and interacting with students in large courses or programs. â€Å"Typically, these people have responsibility for the ―practical and everyday process of supporting, managing, developing and inspiring academic colleagues.† (Ramsden, 1998, p. 4) The institute considered for this discussion is Saint Joan Institute of Women’s Study. The institute is committed to impart the training to the girls and women. Some of the units such as schools are devoted to train the underprivileged girls. An Academic coordinator has become a very crucial position in today’s fast growing and sophisticated educational institutions. Academic coordinators find their role to be demanding, complex, and very stressful and are uncertain about the scope of their role. (Ladyshewsky & Jones, 2007) In Educational organization the coordinator is basically associated with teaching, hiring teachers and educators, to administer programs, develop budget, to arrange meetings, and to make changes where necessary. In modern educational institution the post of a coordinator is very important to facilitate smooth coordination between students, teachers, various departments, committee, management and other personnel in the institution directly or indirectly. He plays the role of a liaison between students and faculty members, parents and teachers, teachers and management members etc. The natures of the job includes various following responsibilities which are divided into two parts: Teaching and non-teaching Non Teaching responsibilities Teaching responsibilities To suggest for the recruitment of new staff members according to the requirements of the unit: The coordinator identifies the need of the staff and accordingly he suggests for the recruitments of different positions for full time , part time, adjunct faculty or a resource person for the specific task. To develop teaching procedure and strategies: To arrange training and development programs To revise the existing academic programs and design new programs, curriculum. The curriculum should be developed according to the domains and the requirements of the students. To arrange meetings of line members and staff members of the organization. To solicit students’ as well as teachers’ feedback. To prepare an annual budget and get it sanctioned by the Management committee members with suggested changes. To take review of the effectiveness of the program To arrange strategies for promotional activities. To conduct exams and to coordinate it entirely To conduct extra-curricular activities thus to boost the confidence of the students. To teach the subject allotted to him or her To set exam papers and check the papers b. The Strategic Importance of an Academic Coordinator in an Educational Institution: â⠂¬Å"Jobs that directly relate to the firm’s core competencies assume greater strategic value.† (Weekley Jeff) The job of the coordinator has a strategic importance as it is related to the

Karl Marx - Capital Ch 24 Sec 1 Ch 25 Sections 1-4 Essay

Karl Marx - Capital Ch 24 Sec 1 Ch 25 Sections 1-4 - Essay Example The worker is purely the actor through whom the means of production acquire value. In Chapter 25 of Capital, Marx states that, â€Å"The mass of the means of production which (the worker) thus transforms, increases with the productiveness of his labor† (Marx, 682). The â€Å"mass† in question – to use Marx’s own example, the raw material labor transforms into yarn – represents a fundamentally industrial process that is ossified, a carefully preserved scenario to which Marx failed to ascribe the eventuality of progressive change. Darwinian theorist though he was, Marx appears to have reckoned without the process of evolution, which is surely as pervasive and dynamic in the field of economics as it is in the anthropological study of man’s development. Industrial revolution has given way to industrial evolution, yielding a far more complex and sophisticated labor paradigm than could possibly be accounted for in Marx’s Name 2 equation. Mar x does address the â€Å"division of labor in manufacture,† proposing that â€Å"with the use of machinery, more raw material is worked up in the same time, and, therefore, a greater mass of raw material and auxiliary substances enter in the labour-process† (682).

Hog Waste in Eastern North Carolina Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hog Waste in Eastern North Carolina - Essay Example It also says in Proverbs 11:22, "Like a gold ring in a swine's snout is a beautiful woman without discretion." The swine is just another animal with all the instincts and emotions of fear, anger, contentment or hunger. But the scriptures appear to depict the animal's dispositions that include habits other than just chewing cuds. The swine is known to eat more than cuds. They consume anything from garbage including dead animals and human waste. Thus, the swine is categorized with animals that are not "clean". They cannot be counted among animals like the sheep, goat, deer, and so on that consume only grass and herbs and are categorized as "clean" (Douglas S. Winnail). From the Christian perspectives, the hog is associated with meanness and laziness. The points expressed in the scriptures about the hog do little to dissociate it from such negative attributes. Once the hog has had its fill with food it normally resigned to a corner to slumber the rest of its time. God made all things wonderful and this includes the swine. The swine or hog is not meant for human consumption from its natural standpoint. In the present times, hog meat can be neutralized from the effects of salmonella through vaccinations (Jeffrey A. Husa et al). However, in the times when the Old Testament injunction for not eating the hog was made, the scriptures emphasized that as people of God to serve as a model for the nations around them, the Israelites were to abstain from hog meat for its specific dietary habits. The hog could eat anything. It was not restricted to chewing cuds alone. By the same argument, the hog could also do many things that did not make it an ideal choice for culinary purposes. The hog could grunt, struggle violently, bite, kick and heave. The hog did not observe the basic niceties when it was about to be killed. This contrasted with the disposition of animals like the sheep and goats that did not have to be trussed up when they were slaughtered. What does the theological tradition say about this problem (This will require doing library research in books on theological ethics Theological tradition is varied. There is no single view. Some theologians say that the law about not eating the hog does not apply now. They hold to the scriptures when Apostle Peter was famished and had a vision of "a great sheet let down by four corners upon the earth. In it were all kinds of animals and reptiles and birds of the air. And there came a voice to him, 'Rise, Peter; kill and eat.' But Peter said, 'No, Lord; for I have never eaten anything that is common or unclean'. And the voice came to him again a second time, 'What God has cleansed, you must not call common (or unclean)'" (Acts 10:11-15). There is yet another theological tradi

Protection from Self Incrimination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Protection from Self Incrimination - Essay Example In this case, the defendant, Mr. Salinas was accused of having played a role in a murder that had taken place close to the position of his car. Upon questioning, the defendant answered all the questions, went further, and even submitted his gun to show that he was innocent. However, the defendant went mute when asked about some shell casing found at the scene of the crime. Moreover, the casings matched his shotgun. The defendant at that point completely ignored the questions and did not answer. Because of this attitude, the prosecutor went further and told the jury that the reason for Salinas’ silence was the fact that he felt guilty for the actions he had taken and that the silence was a sign of admission to having carried out the crime. The prosecutor had a strong case when he stated that the defendant was guilty not only because he did not comment on the questions posed to him regarding the casings but also because of the obvious fact that his gun was involved. The judge did not argue against the strong case brought by the prosecutor and this was mostly because the evidence for the case was present (Hightower). However, the judgment delayed due to the lack of motive for the action. However, upon reviewing the available information, the judge found the defendant guilty and sentenced him to 22 years in prison. Upon critical review of the case and the evidence provided, I would have offered a ruling similar to that made by the judge, in this case. The reason for the judgment is the fact that the defendant went mute and did not communicate anything regarding the questions asked. The constitution states that upon an individual pleading the Fifth Amendment they ought to receive fair treatment until substantial proof is presented (Choo 89). However, this was not the case in this particular case. Rather than pleading this right, the individual went silent and did not answer anything. This was a sign of great

Explain the Different Layers of Osi Reference Model Essay Example for Free

Explain the Different Layers of Osi Reference Model Essay 1)Physical Layer: The physical layer is at the bottom of this model. It deals with crude data that is in the form of electrical signals. The data bits are sent as 0s and 1s. 0s correspond to low voltage signals and 1s correspond to high voltage signals. The mechanical aspects of communication, such as wires or connectors come under this layer. The physical layer also deals with how these wires, connectors, and voltage electrical signals work. Also, the process that is required for these physical aspects are taken into account in this layer itself. 2)The Data Link Layer: The transmission of the data over the communication medium is the responsibility of this layer. The 0s and 1s that are used in the communication are grouped into logical encapsulation. This encapsulation is called frames. The data is transported in frames. The responsibility of these frames is that of the data link layer. 3) Network Layer: All over the world, there are many different types of Ethernet. These networks are connected to each other through various media. When a data packet wants to reach a particular destination, it has to traverse through these networks. Essentially, there are a lot of operations that are taking place between the connected networks. Also, the packet data which is traversing has to choose an optimum route, and the addressing of these packets has to be proper. The various operations between the networks, packet data issues, addressing and routing, are handled by this network layer. 4)Transport Layer: The transport layer ensures quality and reliability of the communication. The data packet switching is entirely handled by the transport layer. There are basically two types of packet switching. They are connectionless packet switching and connection oriented packet switching. In connectionless packet switching, the packet data is allowed to choose the route in which it is going to reach the destination. Obviously, the packet in itself cant do this. Physical devices like routers are mainly responsible for the behavior of packets, but the packets formed from the same datum can reach their destination in different ways. Whereas, in connection oriented packet switching, once the route is decided, then all the packets have to follow the same route. An example of connectionless packet switching is text messages in mobile phones, and the example of connection oriented switching is a direct voice call. 5)The Sessions Layer: The session’s layer is mainly responsible for creating, maintaining and destroying the communication link. PDU (Protocol Data Unit), in which various protocols are defined that have to be followed during communication, are the responsibility of the sessions layer. The applications that use RPCs (remote procedure calls) are taken care of by the sessions layer. 6)Presentation Layer: There are various techniques of data compression which are used to send and receive the optimized data. For example, if certain data is repeating itself a number of times, then it is logical to send the data only once, and specify the number of times it is repeated. This bundling of the repeated data is one of the techniques of compressions. The compression and decompression of the data is handled by the presentation layer. Also, encryption and decryption techniques used to thwart malicious attacks on data are handled by the presentation layer. 7)Application Layer: This layer comes into picture when there is a process to process communication. Whenever a user invokes any application, all the associated processes are run. Many times, when an application wants to communicate with another application, then there has to be communication between these associated processes. The application layer is responsible for this inter-process communication.

Feminist Critique Of Post War Social Policies Sociology Essay

Feminist Critique Of Post War Social Policies Sociology Essay This essay will explore the post war social policies and provide a critique of these. It will include the discussion about the different types of feminism and how the notion of feminism has changed over the years. The essay will end with a conclusion summarising the key concepts and arguments presented around feminism. The feminist movement has over the last century or so undergone many interesting twists and turns. Most significantly, there have been a number of strands which have been responsible for key developments in the post war period. Feminism is a diverse, competing, and often opposing collection of social theories, political movements, and moral philosophies, largely motivated by or concerning the experiences of women, especially in terms of their social, political and economical inequalities. (Report: Feminism theory, A. Mahmoudi, York University 2006) this is the broad and general definition of feminism. Main body There are many types of feminism ranging from liberal feminism social feminism, radical feminism and post-modern feminism. Liberal feminism does not seek any special provisions for women and simply requests equal rights for women without any form of discrimination based on the sex of the individual. Socialists feminism is quite different from this and is based on the belief that technology and the social shaping of technology has been monopolised or hijacked by the men in society. This has meant that women have deliberately been excluded from this arena. Radical feminism is based on the notion that the oppression of women is the worst form of oppression within society. It is for this reasons that radical feminist have very little respect for most scientific theories, analysis and data. The reason is that such research and deliberations exclude the women prospective and are definitely not women centre. Post-modern feminism is rooted in the idea that any universal research or gender associated with it or technological resource will be appropriate and women will have different experiences and reactions to technology depending on their particular circumstance in society including their class sexuality, country of residence and other such factors. It has to be understood that there is no behaviour or meaning which can be considered either feminine or masculine in a common or all surrounding manner. Over the last few hundred years there have been many examples in different aspects of society which clearly indicate that there is a prejudice favouring males. For example, the work of the women activist Emmeline Pankhurst with her supporters led to the right of women to vote in Britain. This was not easily achieved and saw many conflicts and struggles before it became accepted as a norm. In many ways, it seem astonishing that women should have to fight for such a fundamental right and that it was not automatically conferred to women as they became eligible at a certain age in their lives. Thus, the role of men in the construction of sociological thought and ideologies has been an obvious obstacle which has prevented the female perspective to be brought into performance in the sociological and social field generally. One of the most unfair examples of womens rights is that entitlement to property is limited and males usually have a greater and unfair advantage over females. This is a major issue when entitlement to estates is contested by females relatives of departed males. The amount of procedures makes it almost not worth fighting for ownership. The feminist argument against male stream sociology which was concerned with research on the male experiences and extended this to the whole population for example around youth work and factory work. The other issue which is quite negative is that there have been many pieces of research which have been done on males within the context of sociological topics. However, despite the fact that female experiences were not researched in such pieces of work, the teams involved took the liberty of concluding the results to include females as if they had. Clearly, this is unethical even if there may be some weak justifications provided in the way of explanation. References: A woman can insist she would never choose to have an abortion while affirming her support of the right of women to choose and still be an advocate of feminist politics. She cannot be anti-abortion and advocate of feminism. (Bell Hooks, Feminism is for everybody Pg. 6) So a woman has rights which she can choose to use them. The element of choice in various matters has to be given to women and it is when this is taken away that the rights of women are also eroded. The other issue is that the right of Black people and their struggle against racism is similar to the prejudice and its destruction within society that is faced by women. Given the reality of racism, it makes sense that white men were more willing to consider womens rights when the granting of those rights could serve the interests of maintaining white supremacy. (Bell Hooks, Feminism is for everybody Pg. 4) So this is a sign of the complex issues which makes it more pleasant when white men feel that allowing womens rights will confer an advantage for them and allow them, in turn to keep their own status higher than of Black people. Rawls identifies society as a fair system of social cooperation and looks for principals specifying the basic rights and liberties and the forms of equality most appropriate to those cooperating, once they are regarded as citizens, as a free and equal persons ( Rawls 1993. 27) from the Book (P. DiQuinzio and I. Young, Feminist ethnics and social policy) So the issue of equality of the individual was one for debate and discussion following WW2 as well as the latter end of the nineties. This does provide an indication that the need for equal rights for men and women is still a matter being contested within society. Other research: Second wave feminism began after the Second World War with a critique of middle class suburban feminism (Betty Friedan Germaine Greer). The issue which needed to be addressed were employment, education, status within society and the roles that women wanted to play rather the ones they were forced to play. One of the most fundamental issues that feminism has had to deal with over the last 50 years or so is that many of the sociological pieces of work and research have been based upon what may be called malestream sociology. Basically, this means that the research has been based upon the male perspective and participation Sociology was soon at the forefront of developing feminist perspectives on various social problems. The feminist critique of malestream sociology argued that sociology had been mainly concerned with research on men. As such it did not present such a major threat to the female perspective. What did was that the males superimposed their own ideas and theories or extended these to include females. This gave an invalid set of results or conclusions to the whole research. The female experience was, thus an add-on rather than a real and tangible response to the experiences that women had. In particular there were a number of pieces of research which related to youth sub-cultures which were attributed to the male and female experience when in fact it only related to the male experience. So, as the new wave feminism came into being there were two strands of concerns that feminism activists faced. Firstly, there was the need to correct the errors of the past and second, there was the need to ensure that there was real inclusion in new projects and research in order to give full validity to the sociological concepts and ideologies being developed or refined. This is not to say that men cannot carry out research in the field of the female experience but rather that there need to be a number of sensitivities anc consideration give to a fair and equitable representation of females in the sampling methods used in research and that appropriate methods need to be used when dealing with issues relating to females. Basically, the use of common sense should be used and not female issues should not be glossed over or remain unrepresented. Even in relation to the whole area of employment and the deliberations and issues within it, there were numerous concepts explored around the male perspective but there was a stark absence of the female experience. This naturally meant that the planning of employment strategies by the government was attuned to the needs of men rather than women. This in turn meant that many women capable of undertaking white collar jobs or management jobs could not aspire to do so since the initiatives and analysis is biased towards males within society. As a result of this women have been subtly forced or coerced into undertaking roles which are more domestic or home-based. It is not surprising then that there is a lack of representation of women within middle/higher management within large multinational companies as a norm. One of the main concerns that women have had for a considerable time has been the fact that issues that affect them on a day to basis seem to get no mention or practical support and guidance within the general fabric of life. This includes issues such as domestic violence, domestic labour and so on. Exclusion from the planning and decision making process has been a crucial and important issue as far as women are concerned. In addition where women did have some form of representation the quality of the representation was not very good or was rather limited. This was more driven by encouraging a stereotype of women or to pay lip service to the whole notion of representation. Some argued that this was just another of introducing another independent variable without being taken seriously. There has been much discussion about the unequal playing field over the last few decades. Whilst males may profess that women have had equal rights and that they are not treated in any way different from men, the fact of the matter is that the representation of women in the structural machinery of decision making is still nominal when compared to men. The situation still smells of lip service and tokenism. In many ways this is comparable to many countries making attempts to allow minority ethnic people equal rights in employment, training, education and other sectors of life but never really achieving the targets or quotas set as part of some action plan. One of the things that can arise out of asking such questions is that the underlying feminist theories allow us or assist us to analyse what we observe within society and give us a chance to make valued judgments about the scientific ideas and concepts that are applicable to social life. Conclusion There have been many developments in different aspects of feminism over the last half a century or so. A host of strategies and legislation has been introduced to balance the inequalities associated with gender and has led to many issues being raised by feminists. The unequal playing field and the male stream perspective has and continues to provoke feminists. Granted that some of the errors of the past have been useful in forging developments and feminism of various forms has been associated with the driving the wheels of change. However, many issues still need to be addressed and society needs to ensure that the barrier to the rights of women are destroyed and there is equality of opportunity for women in society without any special treatment or bias being give to them. Many feminists have demanded equal treatment and not special treatment which makes them appear like delicate and sensitive creatures whose place is in the home, bearing and rearing children and having the meals prep ared for the males when they come home after a hard days work. (expand)

The Use of a SMART Board in Teaching

The Use of a SMART Board in Teaching The funding of this grant would pay for the purchase of a SMART Board Interactive Whiteboard on a mobile floor stand for the Pace University School of Education Department. The SMART Board allows professors to include and integrate multimedia elements into lessons, such as videos and interactive demonstrations, as a result making lessons and lectures more exciting. Students will be able to hear, see and participate with the information they are learning for that particular course. The SMART Board Interactive Whiteboard system comes with Notebook software. This software provides a variety of tools to help differentiate instruction. By having a SMART Board, professors and students are able to write with a digital pen or with their finger, onto the SMART Board screen. Files from Notebook can be saved in different formats, printed, emailed or posted; therefore, giving students complete access to course materials. Essentially, anything that can be done on computers can be improved by having a SMART Board available. In the elementary and secondary levels, teachers are constantly trying to create lessons and activities that meet the needs of all learners. I think that at the high education level, this mindset gets lost. The majority of courses are lecture based with essays and written examinations. Because of this set up, I feel that college students loose their love of learning and attendance and participation in courses begin to drop. If a student was a visual learner in high school, he will still be a visual learner during college. The interactive whiteboard caters to all different learners because it incorporates images, sounds and stimulations. Students are able to see, hear and interact with what they are learning. Pace University needs more technology. Pace University has been looking for ways to increase their enrollment numbers, as well as retention rates. Installing and assimilating technology onto their campuses could be just one factor in accomplishing those tasks. As a former Pace University student ambassador and representative, I was constantly asked questions about the types of technology that are in the classrooms and what students are being exposed to. By having interactive SMART Boards on campus, I think these questions would be eliminated because you can physically see them. Pace University also has an entire school dedicated to Computer Science and Information Systems. I feel that by having technology seen in the classroom, will also nicely reflect the impact of that individual school on campus. The students at Pace University would benefit from the purchase of an interactive whiteboard in a variety of ways. Students will look at attending class as something exciting. Students will also gain a better understanding of the curriculum and concepts being taught, due to the assortment of tools and resources that the SMART Board has that can be incorporated into lessons. Pace University, itself, would benefit from having SMART Boards in campus because students will be working on their communication and technology skills for the 21st century, therefore separating themselves from graduates from other colleges and universities. Pace Universitys motto is Work toward Greatness. I believe that by integrating the use of an interactive whiteboard into different courses that Pace has to offer its students, professors will inspire their students more. The Pace University School of Educations motto is Creating reflective practitioners who promote justice, create caring classrooms and school communities and enable all students to be successful learners. I believe that the students within this school, specifically, will benefit tremendously from the interactive whiteboard. They will be exposed to a new technology that is widely being used in schools all throughout the United States. Students will be able to have an open mind when it comes to technology and integration in elementary and high schools. Not equipping these students with these skills would be harmful to their wellbeing. Todays world is filled with different types of technology, from cell phones to IPads. Students are constantly surrounded with technology throughout their daily lives, which only makes sense to have that same technology become a part of their education. 2. OBJECTIVES 3. ACTIVITY 4. MEASUREMENT To enrich and improve Pace Universitys programs and set of courses through interactive technology and technology integration. To encourage students to be independent critical thinkers and flourishing learners at the collegiate level. To increase student motivation, participation, achievement and success. To have students plan and conduct research, solve problems and make informed decisions using appropriate digital tools and resources. To have future teachers become educated on a company and technologies that is regularly being used in school districts presently. To differentiate instruction for all students. To utilize the assigned course time in the most effective way possible. Assign web quests: Students will be encouraged to use Pace Universitys resources from the library, databases and reliable sources from the Internet. Students will use the research and technology available to them to help them decipher problems and answer questions. Interactive lessons: Students will actively engage within the lessons. Students will get out of their seats to participate and further their learning. Videos/Lectures: Teachers can embed videos clips that demonstrate the same concepts that are being taught in their course. Teachers can record notes from the course, save them and post/email them to students. Virtual Field Trips: Teachers can take their students on a trip during their assigned course allotted time. Presentations: Students can present their projects using the SMART Board in several ways: creating a NoteBook file, digitally creating it, recording their voices, etc. Exams/Reviews: Teachers can create games/activities that can help the students review concepts for examinations. Teachers can create examinations on the SMART Board. Workshop Session: Provide students with the opportunity to learn how to actually use the SMART Board. Students will be able to use the knowledge gained in their field placements and future jobs. Pre-course survey: Conducted on the first day, asking students about their interest in the course, predictions of their participation throughout the course, grade and end of course experience. Post-course survey: Conducted on last day, asking students about their understanding of the course material, if they were successful in the course, if they enjoyed the course, would they recommend the course and impact of technology used in the course. Informal assessments: Teacher observation, student journal entries/blogs on the topic of use of the SMART Board. Formal assessments: Lessons/lectures/activities can be video taped. Samples: Student work samples will be saved to be included in a portfolio. Attendance Preparation Participation Behavior

Zapatistas :: Essays Papers

Zapatistas For the past several years, there has been an on going movement to liberate the large population of farmers in Mexico. These farmers are fighting to win back their pro-claimed rights to their farm land. The farmers operate within an organization known as the Zapatistas. In present time the Zapatistas, with the help of the media especially the filmmaker Nettie Wild, have gained global attention towards their struggle for human rights. Many efforts have been made by outside authorities like the US, to assist the human rights movement in Mexico. The movement so far has resulted in many political killings of the Zapatistas members. Mexico’s government has been trying to rid themselves of the â€Å"chaos† the Zapatistas have stirred up within the country. The Mexican government has forced over 17,000 people into refuge because they have not allowed them back onto their farm land. Efforts continue on behalf of the Zapatistas and many outside authorities to bring peace to this area of Chiapas. I believe that the Zapatistas have made their fight a global issue. The art of Erica Chappuis displays a culture of people who are in hiding and trying to survive with the little resources they have. The art displays Zapatistas with coffee plants in which they are selling, wearing their trademark bandana covering their faces. This picture makes a strong argument for what they are fighting for. If Mexico allowed them back onto their land they would still be cultivating coffee, but would not have to cover their faces. The covering of the Zapatistas faces exploits the human rights struggle that they are currently fighting. The Zapatistas movement is a â€Å"post modern revolution†. In the world today the emphasis on human rights is strong, thus this is why the Zapatistas have gained so much attention. I believe that the Zapatistas are slowly succeeding in their revolution because of the mass attention they are receiving. As more and more people become aware of the horrible human rights struggle these people are undergoing, I believe their mission will become more and more successful. The more people who know about the struggle will then in turn put more pressure on the Mexican government to liberate these people. I believe that the Zapatista movement is worthy of support. No people in the world should be forced off their land and into hiding.

Transitions of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment Periods

Transitions of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment Periods The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were times of great emphasis on reason and questioning of faith. The scientists and philosophes of these eras discovered and taught new ideas that often contradicted what the church and former thinkers had taught and believed before them. Most of the intellectual, political, economic, and social characteristics associated with the modern world came into being during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.1 During the Scientific Revolution, people began to question beliefs that they had always taken for granted. Scientists changed people's views of the world they lived in through discoveries such as the theory of the heliocentric universe. During the Enlightenment, philosophes challenged beliefs formerly held by the church and government by insisting that human reason would lead to the solution of all problems. They believed that man should live his life, make his own decisions, and believe w hat he wanted based on his own experiences and what he believed to be true. These two revolutions lead to a movement away from the church and faith, and towards a belief in more scientific and mathematical explanations for the way things worked. One of the aspects of the Scientific Revolution was the popularization of the belief in a sun-centered universe. Before this time, both Aristotle and Ptolemy supported the theory that the earth was the center of the universe and that the stars and planets revolved around it. Also, the realm of God was believed to lie just outside of this universe. This was known as the geocentric theory and the Catholic Church also strongly supported... ...s or herself. The former influence that faith and the church had on everyday life was questioned during these eras and a strong turning from former beliefs was widely evident as the thinkers of this time proposed new ideas on logic and reason. 1 Perry M. Rogers, ed. Aspects of Western Civilization: Problems and Sources in History (Upper Saddle River, N.J., Prentice Hall, 1998) 3. 2 Rogers. Aspects of Western Civilization 11. 3 Rogers. Aspects of Western Civilization 12. 4 Rogers. Aspects of Western Civilization 14. 5 Rogers. Aspects of Western Civilization 9. 6 Rogers. Aspects of Western Civilization 16. 7 Rogers. Aspects of Western Civilization 3. 8 Rogers. Aspects of Western Civilization 4. 9 Rogers. Aspects of Western Civilization 29. 10 Rogers. Aspects of Western Civilization 31. 11 Rogers. Aspects of Western Civilization 35.

Bad Neighbor Policy: Washington?s futile war on drugs in Latin America?

Book review: â€Å"Bad Neighbor Policy: Washington’s futile war on drugs in Latin America† Edited by Ted Galen Carpenter Overview Introduction  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3 I Modest results after thirty years of war  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4 The war on drugs consequences on the drugs crops cultivation  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4 The war on drugs consequences on the Latin American opinion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5 II The American strategy on the drug war: definitively a bad strategy?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8 The United States’ strategy on the war on drugs  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8 The causes of the American’s strategy failure  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  9 III Is â€Å"legalisation† the solution for a decrease in the amount of drug in the united States’ streets  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  12 Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  14 Sources  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ... ...ica, some countries have already talked about this solution: Jamaica in 2001, Uruguay in 2001, Mexico, Colombia†¦ Will those countries have the courage to face the United States on this issue? In Europe Does that means, that the world starts the pace of drug legalization? I still stay sceptic on this position. Conclusion To conclude, Ted Galen Carpenter shows in his book the failure of the thirty years war on drugs conducted by the United States in Latin America. A failure which is illustrated by the constant production of drugs in Latin America, the accentuation of scourges as poverty and corruption†¦ We can say that the United States’ strategy follows Say’s theory: the demand is conducted by the supply. However, as we have discussed about. This theory can not be applied on drugs market, as we have to take into consideration the dependence of drugs products. Sources   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Bad neighbor policy: Washington’s futile war on drugs in Latin America†, Ted Galen Carpenter,2003.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.narconews.com/   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.cannabisnews.com

History of Music Essay

I. Introduction Music—sounds arranged into meaningful— expressive patterns. The composing and playing of music is both a science and an art. Musicology is the study of music as a field of knowledge, with emphasis on history and theory. The raw materials of any kind of music are certain characteristics of sound—pitch (highness or lowness), timbre (tone color), intensity (loudness), and duration. These raw materials are organized by means of the basic elements of rhythm (the pulse, or beat), melody (the tune), and harmony (the blending of tones). Music is often called the universal language because its meaning and appeal are largely the same for people everywhere. It has almost limitless variety. Music can express the widest range of human experience and feeling—joy, and grief, love and hate, amusement and reverence. It may be vocal or instrumental, and may be performed by soloist or by orchestra, band, or chorus. Moreover, Jazz is a form of music that developed in the United States between 1900 and 1915. The origin of the word is uncertain. The music was created originally by the American Negro, but within 40 years it was being performed and created by people of every national and racial background. By the 1940’s no phase of contemporary American music, serious as well as popular, remained untouched by jazz. Jazz bands, magazines, and festivals are found in Japan, in South America, in North Africa, and throughout Europe (O’Meally, 2002). Jazz is difficult to define, and not even jazz musicians and critics agree on a definition. It is a performer’s art, a way of playing. Jazz cannot be written down to show the precise manner in which it is played. It is most accurately preserved not in published scores but on phonograph records. This paper discusses a brief history of the development of some â€Å"mechanical† aspects of music such as musical styles, particular instruments, the recording industry, growth of jazz, etc. II. Discussion A. The Nature of jazz Rhythm. The infectious, compelling rhythms of jazz are based mainly on the 4/4 march tempo. In conventional music, the first and third beats of a four-beat measure are accented. In jazz, however, the second and fourth are accented, producing a syncopated rhythm.   Additional complex contrasting rhythms are built upon the simultaneous use of another form of syncopation in which a tone is held through a beat stringer than the one in which it began. Underlying these multiple rhythms is a regularly accented basic rhythm called â€Å"the beat,† or â€Å"swing†Ã¢â‚¬â€a pulsating, rhythmic feeling that is hard to define and cannot be represented in writing by notes (Lopes, 2002). Improvisation is the composing of music while in actual performance without previous rehearsal. It is a basic element of jazz. The improvising musician may compose a new theme, or melody, or may create new variations and patterns on an existing melody. While one member of a band develops a theme another will expand it. Each musician in the band adds something of his own and several musicians improvise on the same theme at the same time. Jazz is not entirely improvisational, however. Although jazz cannot be notated exactly, much of it is written down, or arranged.   Some passages are left unwritten for solo improvisation. This improvisation and the overall rhythmic interpretation of the music make an arranged piece into jazz (Jones, 2000). Instruments. Another characteristic of jazz is the way musical instruments are played. Brass instruments, such as the trumpet, often take on the tone colors of a singing or speaking voice. Mutes are used to give different sounds to the trumpet, trombone, and other instruments. The rhythm section of a jazz band is not limited to drums. The piano, guitar, and string bass are also used as percussive instruments (Jones, 2000). B. History of Jazz A blending of African and European musical traditions, jazz goes back many years. Revival hymns of the Western frontier, Negro work songs, and minstrel shows are among its many sources. From them came the blues and ragtime. The blues, a vocal music, developed in rural areas; ragtime, a piano music, developed in the cities. After the Civil War many blacks began playing brass-band instruments, and brass marching bands developed. Blues, ragtime, and brass-band music, by the end of the 19th century, blended into a music that today would be classified as jazz. While no one city can be called the birth-place of jazz, New Orleans was one of the most colorful centers of early jazz (Jones, 2000). New Orleans. Around 1898 a brass band led by the cornetist Buddy Bolden played what would probably be recognized as jazz. Bolden’s band, Kid Ory’s Creole Band, and others marched in parades, played for funerals, weddings, and dances, and performed while riding in advertising wagons. These early bands consisted of one or two cornets, a clarinet, a banjo, and drums. About 1910 the bands began playing in the brothels and gambling houses of the notorious Storyville section in New Orleans (Jones, 2000). Dixieland. Many white musicians, influenced by the Negro bands, organized their own bands. Jack â€Å"Papa† Laine, with his Ragtime Band and his Reliance Brass Band, was one of the first white jazzmen. The musicians in these bands read music, and all their pieces were written out. Although they could not capture the bittersweet mood of the blues, they played an orchestral type of ragtime that was later called Dixieland (Benford, 2004). The Jazz Age. In 1917, the federal government closed down Storyville. King Oliver, Jelly Roll Morton, Louis Armstrong, Sidney Bechet, and other New Orleans-born musicians went North and helped spread jazz across the country. By the early 1920’s, the center of jazz had shifted to Chicago, where it flourished in dance halls and speakeasies. Eddie Condon, Gene Krupa, and other Chicago musicians played an intense, driving variation of Dixieland that became known as â€Å"Chicago style† (Benford, 2004). During the Jazz Age, jazz bands became larger, the saxophone was added, and new jazz styles evolved. Virtuoso soloists and new jazz styles evolved. Virtuoso soloists, such as Louis Armstrong and Bix Beiderbecke, became more important as the improvised breaks grew longer. Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith, and other blues singers performed and recorded with jazz bands (Lopes, 2002). III. Conclusion Jazz, however, was not yet considered respectable, mainly because of the places in which it was played. The general public heard, instead of true jazz, carefully rehearsed arrangements of jazz-like pieces. Paul Whiteman, called the â€Å"King of Jazz,† was a pioneer in such music. Furthermore, modern jazz is not a single movement or school. Various schools with distinctive styles have developed (Lopes, 2002). Jazz continued undergoing many changes in the 1970’s. Herbie Hancock and Chick Corea helped popularize jazz-fusion (or jazz-rock), a style that uses electronic synthesizers and electronically amplified instruments.

Tiger Mom Essay

In reading â€Å"Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mom† by Amy Chua, I was surprised how Chua shared in detail about her life journey as a parent and raising two children. This is a book about Amy Chua’s experiences in raising her two daughters, Sophia and Luisa (Lulu), in what she believes is the â€Å"Chinese mother† style of parenting. She is quick to point out in the first chapter, entitled â€Å"The Chinese Mother,† that she uses the term â€Å"loosely† as it would be ridiculous to try to assume that every mother from China is a like a tiger mom.Just as â€Å"Western parents† would not be an appropriate label to place on every parent from Western countries. In this same chapter she references a study where â€Å"50 Western American mothers and 48 Chinese immigrant mothers† were polled on the role of parents in children’s academic success; with â€Å"70% of Western mothers believed ‘stressing academic success is not good for t he children’ or ‘parents need to foster the idea that learning is fun’† versus nearly â€Å"0% of the Chinese mothers felt the same way.† Although she states there are several studies that support this theory, I would not put too much credence in this particular study since the pool is too small and there are a lot of â€Å"Western American mothers† with different style of parenting. A â€Å"Western American mother† can be from as far west as Hawaii or from as northeast as Maine; then there is everyone in between.She also gives us a list of what a Chinese mother’s belief system entails: â€Å"schoolwork always comes first; an A-minus is a bad grade; your children must be two years ahead of their classmates in math; you must never compliment your children in public; if your child ever disagrees with a teacher or coach, you must always take the side of the teacher or coach; (6) the only activities your children should be permitted to do are those in which they can eventually medal; and that medal must be gold. † This list seems a little extreme to me, but I guess it just depends on what you are brought up to believe is the norm.When you do not know anything different, this is normal, expected and accepted. As I began to read the book, I quickly realized Amy Chua is very pro â€Å"Chinese† parenting style. In chapter four, â€Å"The Chuas,† she described how her and her sisters were to speak only in Chinese in the home; â€Å"drilled math and piano everyday;† and they were not allowed to attend sleepovers at friends’ homes. Yet, she also tells of the time when she forged her father signature in order to apply to a school in the East Coast after her father had already said she was going to attend the University of California at Berkeley, where he was a professor.Here I saw a bit of a rebellion, which she will come to see later in the book with her daughter Lulu. Throughout the book, I saw many examples of how Chua compared â€Å"Chinese† parenting to â€Å"Western† parenting. This is especially true in chapter 10, â€Å"Teeth Marks and Bubbles. † She tells the story of how she had called her eldest daughter, Sophia, garbage for something Chua believed to be â€Å"extremely disrespectful†, although she never mentioned the offense. She says her father had called her the same thing when she was disrespectful to her mother. However, according to her, it did not damage her self-esteem.However, when she retold this story at friend’s dinner party, she was immediately looked upon with disdain and felt shunned by those around her. She goes on stating the three big differences between the mindsets of Chinese and Western parents. First, Western parents worry about a child’s self-esteem and are more concerned with the child’s psyche, whereas Chinese parents don’t. Chinese parents â€Å"assume strength, not fra gility, and as a result they behave very differently. † Second, Chinese parents feel their children should be indebted to them for the sacrifices the parents made on their children’s behalf.Therefore, they â€Å"must spend their lives repaying their parents by obeying them and making them proud. † Most Western parents do not feel the need to apply that same pressure on their children. Third, Chua claims Chinese parents believe they know what is best for their children and feel entitled to supersede all of their children’s choices and/or decisions. In this particular instance, I believe a most parents, not only Chinese parents, believe they know what is best for their children. Chinese parents take it a step further and do not allow choices for their children, whereas Western parents do allow their child to have choices.Although Chua argues in favor of the Chinese parenting style, she is merely stating the differences between the two approaches and the one she prefers. She lets us into her world and walks us through her trials and tribulations with the â€Å"Chinese mother† approach she elected to follow. Where this style of parenting had worked with her and her sisters and to some extent her eldest daughter, Sophia, however Lulu was not so accepting. Near the end of the book, specifically in Chapter 31 â€Å"Red Square,† everything comes to a boil as she has, yet, another fight with Lulu at the GUM cafe.After the fight, Chua runs away into the Red Square to be with her thoughts, then has an epiphany and realizes that Lulu was rebelling against her and her â€Å"Chinese mother† style of parenting. When she returns to the cafe, she informs Lulu that she had won and she would be allowed to make her own choices and quit the violin. Do I favor this type of parenting? The style of parenting Chua describes in her memoir is that of an authoritarian parenting style, which â€Å"emphasizes high standards and a tendency to control kids through shaming, the withdrawal of love, or punishments† (http://www.parentingscience. com/chinese-parenting. html).This style I do not agree with. In fact, according to Dr. Gwen Dewar, â€Å"authoritarian parenting is linked with lower levels of self-control, more emotional problems, and lower academic performance. † Dr. Dewar is more in favor of an authoritative parenting that involves the same emphasizes of high standards, but also involves â€Å"parental warmth and a commitment to reason with children† (http://www. parentingscience. com/chinese-parenting. html).There is nothing wrong with wanting the best for your children, wanting them to succeed and instilling a hard-work ethic and providing guidance, however it should not be at the expense of the child’s psychological well being. Even though it looks like Chua’s daughter, Sophia, had benefited from this style of parenting, they may just begin to realize they could have possibly achieved the same results without the extreme harassment. Only time will tell if Chua’s daughters will end up resenting her as her father ended up resenting and detaching himself from his family after disagreeing with his authoritarian mother.Especially Lulu, who was the most difficult one. As stated in the beginning, this is a book on how a â€Å"Chinese mother† style of parenting was used by Amy Chua and the results she had with this style. Although, I may not agree with all of the aspects of this style, it does have its pros; such as wanting your child to the best that they can be and its cons; such as the belittling of a child can never be good. This was never intended to be a â€Å"How to Guide† to parent your children, as Chua stated in an interview after the book was released (http://abcnews. go.com/US/tiger-mother-amy-chua-death-threats-parenting-essay/story? id=12628830).Chua has received a lot criticism from many people, but I agree with her, this is n ot a guide to parent a child. The reason being is that each child is unique in its own way. What may be a good approach for one, it not necessarily good for another. As she acknowledged in her book, â€Å"When Chinese parenting succeeds, there’s nothing like it. But it doesn’t always succeed. † However, at the end of the day you make the decision you feel is right for you and your family and adjust, as needed, as you go along.

The Papaer Java Test Questions and Answers

Gaddis – Starting Out With Java 5 – From Control Structures to Objects Chapter 06 – A First Look At Classes Multiple Choice 1. One or more objects may be created from a(n)_____. a. field b. class c. method d. instance ANS: B 2. Class objects normally have _____ that perform useful operations on their data, but primitive variables do not. a. fields b. instances c. methods d. relationships ANS: C 3. In the cookie cutter method: Think of the _____ as a cookie cutter and _____ as the cookies. a. object; classes b. class; objects c. class; fields d. field; methods ANS: B 4. A UML diagram does not contain _____. . class name b. methods c. fields d. object names ANS: D 5. An access specifier indicates how the class may be accessed. a. True b. False ANS: A 6. Data hiding, which means that critical data stored inside the object is protected from code outside the object is accomplished in Java by _____. a. using the public access specifier on the class methods b. using the private access specifier on the class methods c. using the private access specifier on the class definition d. using the private access specifier on the class fields ANS: D 7. For the following code, which statement is not true? ublic class Sphere { private double radius; public double x; private double y; private double z; } a. x is available to code that is written outside the Sphere class. b. radius is not available to code written outside the Sphere class. c. radius, x, y, and z are called members of the Sphere class. d. z is available to code that is written outside the Sphere class. ANS: D 8. Which of the following is not part of the method header? a. Method name b. Return type c. Access specifier d. Parameter variable declaration e. All of the above are parts of the method header ANS: E 9.A method that stores a value in a class’s field or in some other way changes the value of a field is known as a mutator method. a. True b. False ANS: A 10. You should not define a cl ass field that is dependent upon the values of other class fields _____. a. in order to avoid having stale data b. because it is redundant c. because it should be defined in another class d. in order to keep it current ANS: A 11. The following UML diagram entry means _____ + setHeight(h : double) : void a. this is a public field called Height and is a double data type b. this is a private method with no parameters and returns a double data type c. his is a private field called Height and is a double data type d. this is a public method with a parameter of data type double and does not return a value ANS: D 12. Instance methods should be declared static. a. True b. False ANS: B 13. Methods that operate on an object’s fields are called a. instance variables b. instance methods c. public methods d. private methods ANS: B 14. The scope of a private instance field is a. the instance methods of the same class b. inside the class, but not inside any method c. inside the parentheses of a method header d. the method in which they are defined ANS: A 15.A constructor is a method that is automatically called when an object is created. a. True b. False ANS: A 16. A constructor a. always accepts two arguments b. has return type of void c. has the same name as the class d. always has an access specifier of private ANS: C 17. Shadowing is the term used to describe where the field name is hidden by the name of a local or parameter variable. a. True b. False ANS: A 18. Which of the following statements will create a reference, str, to the String, â€Å"Hello, World†? a. String str = â€Å"Hello, World†; b. string str = â€Å"Hello, World†; c. String str = new â€Å"Hello, World†; . str = â€Å"Hello, World†; ANS: A 19. Two or more methods in a class may have the same name as long as a. they have different return types b. they have different parameter lists c. they have different return types, but the same parameter list d. you cannot ha ve two methods with the same name ANS: B 20. Given the following code, what will be the value of finalAmount when it is displayed? public class Order { private int orderNum; private double orderAmount; private double orderDiscount; public Order(int orderNumber, double orderAmt, double orderDisc) { orderNum = orderNumber; orderAmount = orderAmt; rderDiscount = orderDisc; } } public class CustomerOrder { public static void main(String[] args) { int ordNum = 1234; double ordAmount = 580. 00; double discountPer = 0. 1; Order order; double finalAmount = order. orderAmount – order. orderAmount * order. orderDiscount; System. out. println(â€Å"Final order amount = $† + finalAmount); } } a. 528. 00 b. 580. 00 c. There is no value because the constructor has an error. d. There is no value because the object order has not been created. ANS: D 21. A class specifies the _____ and _____ that a particular type of object has. a. relationships; methods b. ields; object names c. field s; methods d. relationships; object names ANS: C 22. ____ refers to the combining of data and code into a single object. a. Data hiding b. Abstraction c. Object d. Encapsulation ANS: D 23. Another term for an object of a class is ____. a. access specifier b. instance c. member d. method ANS: B 24. In this book the general layout of a UML diagram is a box that is divided into three sections. The top section has the ____; the middle section holds ____; the bottom section holds ____. a. class name; fields; methods b. class name; object name; methods c. object name; fields; methods . object name; methods; fields ANS: A 25. The public access specifier for an field indicates that the field may not be accessed by statements outside the class. a. True b. False ANS: B 26. For the following code, which statement is not true? public class Circle { private double radius; public double x; private double y; } a. x is available to code that is written outside the Circle class. b. radius is not ava ilable to code written outside the Circle class. c. radius, x, and y are called members of the Circle class. d. y is available to code that is written outside the Circle class.ANS: D 27. It is common practice in object-oriented programming to make all of a class’s _____. a. methods private b. fields private c. fields public d. fields and methods public ANS: B 28. After the header, the body of the method appears inside a set of a. brackets, [] b. paretheses, () c. braces, {} d. double quotes, â€Å"† ANS: C 29. A method that gets a value from a class’s field but does not change it is known as a mutator method. a. True b. False ANS: B 30. In UML diagrams, a ____ indicates the member is private and a _____ indicates the member is public. a. *; / b. ; @ c. –; + d. (); : ANS: C 31. In a UML diagram to indicate the data type of a variable enter a. the variable name followed by the data type b. the variable name followed by a colon and the data type c. the class name followed by the variable name followed by the data type d. the data type followed by the variable name ANS: B 32. Instance methods do not have the key word static in their headers. a. True b. False ANS: A 33. When an object is created, the fields associated with the object are called a. instance fields b. instance methods c. fixed fields d. class instancesANS: A 34. A constructor is a method that a. returns an object of the class. b. never receives any arguments. c. with the name (class name). constructor. d. performs initialization or setup operations. ANS: D 35. The term â€Å"default constructor† is applied to any constructor that does not accept arguments. a. True b. False ANS: B 36. The scope of a public instance field is a. only the class in which it is defined b. inside the class, but not inside any method c. inside the parentheses of a method header d. the instance methods and methods outside the class ANS: D 37.When a local variable in an instance method has th e same name as an instance field, the instance field hides the local variable. a. True b. False ANS: B 38. Which of the following statements will create a reference, str, to the string, â€Å"Hello, world†? A. String str = new String(â€Å"Hello, World†); B. String str = â€Å"Hello, world†; a. A b. B c. A and B d. Neither A or B ANS: C 39. Overloading means multiple methods in the same class a. have the same name, but different return types b. have different names, but the same parameter list c. have the same name, but different parameter lists d. perform the same function ANS: C

Is the war on terrorsim just Essay

In this paper I argue that war against terrorism is no just but some war can be just as long as it follows the theory of a just war. As old as early civilizations, war played a significant role in the political stability and security of the society. It has been a central feature of civilisation throughout recorded time. (Evans, 1). Although war is seen as violent and morally destructive, still it was considered as an effective way of defending and even promoting civilization. It was also used by the major religions of this world such as Islam and Christianity to spread their faith. In every war, we can’t deny the fact that there is a political motive behind the heroic reason of its leaders. Being evil by nature, there are a lot of arguments regarding the moral aspect of war. According to La Vitta Cattolica, the debate is whether the nature of traditional war is still applicable with the modern one. Their stand is it is still the same when it comes to the extent of its fatality. They described it as a lethal contest, fed by hatred, physical violence is unleashed in all its brutality. (Elshtain, 108). Is war really for the benefit of people or is just another way of exploiting humanity? There is also a question regarding the extent of its necessity. Nowadays, there are standards to fulfil if a country wants to engage in war. Although a term such as just war was derived from this war controversy, still justice is still a question. It is because the provisions of this just war theory is not fulfilled. Until now, we can say that there is no such war in our history that fulfilled those provisions. Meanwhile, war is also in the history of Christian church. When we look at the teachings of Christianity, we can say that it is against the ideas of Jesus Christ. As we read the gospel, it was clearly imposed by Christ that each of us should love one another even our enemy. As a matter of fact, Nicolas I said that was is always satanic to its origin. (Elshtain, 113). Even Christ himself set an example of being a promoter of peace. But later on, the said faith needs to adapt to the changing world and the result is the use of war to defend the faith. During the 4th and 5th century, Christians were obliged to do military service. This policy was change during the middle ages but later on, the Church became involved with crusades. (Elshtain, 113). Here we can see that war is really inevitable. Although war is inevitable, still a nation or state should do alterative ways to defend themselves. Even if the motive of engaging in war is good the casualties that it will cause to humanity is great. In previous wars, a lot of innocent lives were brutality killed. It will be reasonable if those people were oppressors or enemy of the states but those people were ordinary citizens that needs to be protected. As said by Thucydides, â€Å"The strong do as they can while the weak suffer for what they must† (Chomsky, 1). It is the strong forces church as political and military forces who initiated the war but sadly, the civilians who have nothing to do with their decisions suffer from its consequences. As a state it is the responsibility of the government to promote the welfare of its people by letting them experience political security. One way of ensuring political security is through defending a state from foreign invaders. But it doesn’t mean that war is the only option to defend one state. For me, war should be the last option of the state and apart from selfish political reason; the welfare of the people should be the main motive. When it comes to war against terrorism, I believe that it is not just because it doesn’t apply to just war theory. What is a just war? In a traditional sense, it denotes a specific body of moral doctrine found in Christianity. (Evans, 2). It means that the faith that promotes peace love for enemies also adopted the use of war to secure the faith. In modern times, a just war means following certain ethical consideration before engaging in a war. In other words, actions are evaluated in terms of range of the likely consequence. (Chomsky, 7). It means that a just war should create a lesser physical and moral damage. It also means that engaging in a just war is like choosing the lesser evil. â€Å" †¦though within war there may be many acts of heroism, just war theory cannot then, be said to glorify war or be blind of its moral horrors. † (Evans, 10). Aside from that, just like other kinds of war, it involves torture and interrogation of innocent civilians. One way of justifying the war against terrorism is the idea that it protects the people from fatal terrorist attacks. Nowadays, terrorist attacks which is most commonly in a form of bombing kills a lot of innocent civilians. Other than that terrorist attacks can affect a nation’s economy that is why there are still doubts whether war against terrorism is really for people. Because the political stability of a states is also threatens by terrorist attacks, there is the possibility that the security of civilians is not the primary concern. Let us look at the condition of war theory and see whether the war against terrorism is a just war. First, the cause must be just and the justice of the cause is sufficiently great. Next, one must be confident that it will not yield long term consequences longer than the status quo. Obviously, it should be the last resort and moral standards should not be compromised. We can say that the first two conditions apply to the war against terrorism but the applications of the latter conditions were questionable. Surely this kind of war will cause long term psychological effects to the civilians involve. It can cause major trauma to the victims that can affect their daily lives even if the war is over. It is also obvious that moral standards were compromised because of the use of torture to gain information. There is also a debate regarding the moral aspect of torture. Indeed, information during war is a necessity for it can serve as a solution to win and end the war immediately. But the question is whether it is needed right here and now to win a particular battle. (May, 196). Form me, whether their information is helpful or necessary in winning the battle, torture is still a form of human rights violation. Indeed, war is not a good way of defending a state. Even if there are just wars, still it is very fatal and those innocent civilians were the common victims. But if there is no other option except war, it is reasonable as long as it promotes the welfare of the states and civilians. References: Elshtain, J. (1992) Modern War and Christian Conscience. But was it Just?. La Civilitta Cattolica. New York. Evans, M. (2005). Just War theory: A reappraisal. New York: Palgraw Macmillan. May, L. (2007). War Crimes and Just War. New York: Cambridge University Press. Chomsky, N. (2006). A Just War? Hardly. Retrieved: January 9, 2007 from ZNPT Commentaries. Website: http://www. zmag. org/sustiners/content/2006-05/zochomsky. cfm.

Correlational research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Correlational - Research Paper Example The first step in the design will be to make an observation of a social event or situation. In this instance, such observation has already been made, the outcome of which has helped in determining the two variables to use. This is because of De Voss et. Al. (1982) indicated that when observations are made about issues that are unknown, unexplained or new, it helps in formulating problems from the observed issues. The problem that will be dealing with can, therefore, be said to be the impact of aptitude test on success in an algebra course. That is, if aptitude test correlates positively with success with algebra test, then it means students’ failure can be associated with low aptitude test outcomes.The second step in the design will be to formulate a hypothesis or a set of hypotheses that explain the observations. A hypothesis is a general claim made about the relationship between the variables before actual data collection begins (Meredith, Gall, and Borg, 2007). The hypothes is must, however, be approached in such a way that it can be tested as being either valid or not valid. Depending on the background research performed on the variables, it will be possible to easily formulate a hypothesis that can be validated. For this topic, a possible hypothesis is that there is no relationship between an aptitude test and success with algebra course.The third stage is one of the most important, where the researcher designs or formulates a plan to test the hypothesis that has been set.

Impact of social media on the growth of the fashion industry in Dissertation

Impact of social media on the growth of the fashion industry in Nigeria - Dissertation Example This group of consumers prefers to use Facebook only (55%), and only 27% have Twitter account, while 18% of respondents use both social media tools. The results demonstrated that the local fashion brands have not as strong and effective marketing strategies in terms of social media usage. Also, the research has shown that 41% of respondents do always review social media pages of fashion brands for discounts, while 23% of respondents prefer to read reviews before shopping for clothes online or even before going to the fashion store. However, according to the study carried out by the researcher where he has been analyzing the level of activity of Nigerian and UK-based Nigerian fashion brands at social networking platforms such as Facebook and Twitter, it has been found out that the majority of 45 Nigerian fashion brands did not use full potential of the social media opportunities. The research has also shown that some of the Nigerian fashion brands in addition to Facebook and Twitter d o use other social media platforms to interact with their customers, followers, fans and subscribers. These sources included fashion brands blogs, Tumblr, Youtube, Pininterest, Instagram, Ijaw girl, and even LinkdIn. Based on the result of the findings, it was recommended that the Nigerian fashion brands and retailers ought to adopt experience of international fashion brands and focus their digital marketing strategy on the following key social media areas: personalized shopping experience, user-generated content, strategic use of discounts, focus on niche communities, and interaction through mobile applications. Key words: Social media, fashion industry, consumer behaviour, Nigeria Introduction â€Å"Fashion is a form of ugliness so intolerable that we have to alter it every six months† – this ironic and brave definition of fashion belongs to famous Oscar Wild. If seriously, Feldenkreis et al (2005) describe the basics of the fashion business as a set of activities, i ncluding: design and creation of a line; sampling process with drawing the design, picking materials, designing graphics, embroidery and other components if needed; preparation of the blueprint of the garment from size to all measurements; and demonstration of it to the fashion industry. Usually, this process takes one year after which new fashion models would be available for retail (Feldenkreis et al. 2005). However, with the increasing use of social media globally this process goes through the various changes and provides both fashion producers/distributors and fashion consumers with new opportunities. Various social networks, blogging, video blogging, podcasting - all are the social media tools used to empower and enable conversations digitally (Brogan, 2010). More detailed description of what the social media was described by Poynter (2010, p. 182), who listed such examples of it: blogging, micro-blogging (e.g. Twitter), social networking (e.g. Facebook, Mixi, Cyworld), Wikis ( e.g. Wickipedia, the collaborative encyclopedia), social bookmarking (e.g. Delicious and Digg), photosharing (e.g. Flickr), voice networking (e.g. Skype), video sharing (e.g. YouTube), music

The Mental Capacity Act 2005 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 9500 words

The Mental Capacity Act 2005 - Coursework Example The second section highlights the rights for individuals to be supported to make their own decisions i.e. individual must be provided with all appropriate help before any other individual concludes that he or she cannot their own decisions. The third section is focused on the need to retain the right to make what might be seen as eccentric or unwise decision. The fourth section is based on best interests i.e. any decision or exercise conducted for or on behalf of people without capacity must be in their best interests, the fifth section is the study of least restrictive intervention i.e. any exercise or decision made for or on behalf of individual without capacity should be the least restrictive of their basic rights and freedoms. The Mental Capacity Act 2005 preserves in order current best practice and common law principles concerning people, people who lack mental capacity and people who take decisions on their behalf. The Act replaces current constitutional system for continuing powers of attorney and Court of Protection receivers with improved and updated schemes. (Deryck. Beyleveld, David Townend, Jessica Wright (2005).Research Ethics Committees, Data Protection, and Medical Research in European Countries). According to the Mental Act 2005, individual or group of individuals is provided with the legal authority to make decisions on the behalf of those individuals who experience mental suffering, or are emotionally and mentally destabilize. The Act manages decision-making on behalf of adults who lack mental capacity, both where they lose capacity at some point in their lives, and where the incapacitating condition has been present since birth. The Act provides with authority with the capacity to make decisions, covering all different aspects and situations, it covers all decisions, including personal welfare and financial matters, and covers decision-making on their behalf by attorneys, or deputies appointed by the courts. The Act also rectifies the process and position for conducting the exercise, if formal process has not been adopted. The proposed Mental Capacity Act evolved gradually, in consultation with the legislators and people affiliated with social sciences. Presently attorneys or receivers are legally bound to make decisions only on financial matters. The Act provides clarity and demarcations about who can make decisions and the manner of making decisions. The Act is an attempt towards protecting vulnerable people, carers and professionals. The Mental Capacity Act 2005 was drafted after years and series of consultation with people belonging to different spheres of life. The Law Commission began the process in 1989, ands in 1995 the Commission produced the report and drafted the Bill. The Government responded in 1997 with a green paper, and a policy statement in 1999. A draft Mental Incapacity Bill was published in June 2003 and examined by a Joint Committee of both Houses of Parliament. The re-named Mental Capacity Bill was introduced to Parliament on Seventeenth of June 2004 and received Royal Assent on Seventh of April 2005, and it became law. The Mental Capacity Act received Royal Assent on Seventh of April 2005, and is likely to be implemented in 2007. The Act is an effort towards providing protection and liberty to the person to handle and conduct his or her affairs after he or she loses the mental capacity. The Act has supported people

Integrated Project Management Tools Research Paper

Integrated Project Management Tools - Research Paper Example At the project’s starting stage, the project is explicitly and clearly defined. The scope of the project and its purpose are defined, and a benchmark for the expected final product is set. The time and resources required for completion of the project are allotted. Resolving problems encountered during the project and controlling the product quality are the main activities of a project’s control stage (Bainey, 2004). This stage oversees the completion of most of the work, and it is during this stage that most of the project’s time is consumed. The project’s closure level involves officially ending the project and providing any useful tips applicable to other projects. Any outstanding work that requires completion is done in this stage. The Project Manager is responsible for managing the basic factors of a project simultaneously; these include time, scope, resources, and money (Schwalbe, 2010). These four elements work hand in hand, and for the project to be a success, these elements must be managed together. In a bed and breakfast project, the resources include equipment, funding, people, facilities, or materials. Management Tools Work Authorization System This is a method used in hand with project management. The project manager together with his designees uses the work authorization system to sanction all project work during a project management. Work authorization procedures show the person responsible for authorizing activities to be completed and how those authorizations may be achieved (Schwalbe, 2010). These procedures include documents that must be filled before initializing any work, and the possibilities of any prerequisites. In order to facilitate the efficiency of project management in bigger projects, work authorization systems detail the timeline of the project. For example, the work authorization system might show when some parts of the project should end, by whom and in which order (Bainey, 2004). For a bed and breakfa st project to be successful, work authorization is an effective tool. Project Status Report It is a regular, official report on a project progress against the plan of the project. Its purpose is to efficiently and effectively communicate the project status at regular intervals. In addition, it can be utilized in providing a documented history of a project. Objectives of a status report include communication of the project progress, simplifying the mode of collecting and distributing project information, improving passing of information within the project, and improving organizational support of the project. A good, consistent project status report prevents a project from missing completion deadlines by keeping the project on the early-start and early-finish schedule. Being alert of the start and completion dates during a project increases the chances for the project being successful. A project status reporting is a function that is performed throughout the project (Barkley, 2006). S cheduling System A scheduling system is a form of a tool used to build an integrated project management system. A good scheduling system should aid in achieving the best end results in a bed and breakfast project. The project manager should ensure that the scheduling system